Cognitive Control Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Douglas, Virginia I.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4881-2_5

Cited by 171 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…As reviewed in the Introduction, most previous studies showed that response execution processes in AD\HD children are impaired especially in slow event rate conditions. These results have been variously interpreted, dependent on the nature of the task and the theoretical framework that was used : as a deficit in sustained attention (Chee et al, 1989 ;Conte et al, 1986 ;Zahn, Kruesi, & Rapoport, 1991), as a reduced arousal level underlying sensitivity to situational context in hyperactivity (Conte et al, 1986 ;Zentall & Zentall, 1983), as support for the activation hypothesis (Van der Meere, Shalev, et al, 1995), as an unusual sensitivity to delay (Sonuga-Barke & Taylor, 1992), as sensitivity to temporal structure of the task, and increased difficulty in motor preparation (Van der Meere et al, 1992), and as a state regulation deficiency (Van der Meere, Stemerdink, et al, 1995 ; see also Douglas, 1999). The current findings could be interpreted in terms of under-arousal, under-activation, poor motor preparation, sensitivity to delay, or poor self-regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the results of this study, it may be suggested that a low behavioural activation state may be an underlying problem for deficient task performance which is not specifically related to AD\HD, but may also play a role in deficient task performance in ODD but, interestingly, not in children comorbid for AD\HDjODD. However, alternative explanations for the event rate findings, such as delay aversion (Sonuga-Barke & Taylor, 1992), or a selfregulation deficit (Douglas, 1999), are available. Concerning the distinctiveness of the disorders, the findings of the speed of the response execution process suggest that AD\HD and ODD are distinctive disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, on other variables (variability in responding and speed of inhibiting) the disorders show a similar pattern of performance. It remains for future studies to attempt to demonstrate the neuropsychological distinctiveness of AD\HD, ODD\CD and the comorbid condition AD\HDjODD in order to revise current models of these disorders (Barkley, 1997 ;Douglas, 1999 ;Sergeant, Oosterlaan & Van der Meere, 1999 ;SonugaBarke & Taylor, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Douglas, 1999). A comparable position explains deficient task performance in AD\HD in terms of a nonoptimal energetic state, in particular activation (Sergeant, Oosterlaan, & Van der Meere, 1999 ;Van der Meere, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Response Execution and Inhibition in Children with AD/HD and Other Disruptive Disorders: The Role of Behavioural Activation

Scheres

Oosterlaan

Sergeant

2001

Child Psychology Psychiatry

130

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This study was aimed at (a) replicating findings of slow and variable response execution and slow response inhibition in Attention Deficit\Hyperactivity Disorder (AD\HD), (b) investigating whether these deficits are specifically related to AD\HD or may also be observed in Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and children comorbid for AD\HDjODD, and (c) examining the role of activation level in task performance of children with AD\HD. To meet these aims, the stop paradigm was administered at three levels of activation, using a slow, medium, and fast presentation rate of stimuli, to 4 groups of children : 24 AD\HD children, 21 children with ODD, 27 children with comorbid AD\HDjODD, and 41 normal controls. As hypothesized, children with AD\HD exhibited a slow response execution process with considerable variability in the speed of responding compared to normal controls. Slow response execution was also observed in the comorbid AD\HDjODD group but not in the pure ODD group. Larger variability in the speed of responding was common to all disruptive groups compared with controls. In contrast to our hypothesis, no group differences emerged for inhibitory functioning. Finally, the slow event rate condition caused a further deterioration in the speed of the response execution process in both the AD\HD group and ODD group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Response Execution and Inhibition in Children with AD/HD and Other Disruptive Disorders: The Role of Behavioural Activation

Scheres

Oosterlaan

Sergeant

2001

Child Psychology Psychiatry

130

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“…Attentional dysfunction is one of the core symptoms (Douglas, 1999). For at least two reasons, to understand it, one may need to acknowledge that attentional functioning embodies multiple components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early attentional deficits in an attention-to-prepulse paradigm in ADHD adults.

Conzelmann¹,

Pauli²,

Mucha³

et al. 2010

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined for early and late attentional processes as a function of controlled attention. The test paradigm was the attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition (PPI; early controlled attentional processing) and prepulse facilitation (PPF; late controlled attentional processing). In 49 patients and 49 controls, the authors measured acoustic startle responses to 96-dB startle pulses preceded 120, 240 (for PPI), 2,000, and 4,500 (for PPF) ms by a 68-dB prepulse noise. Geometric figures signaled that prepulses were to be ignored or attended to (automatic vs. controlled attention). ADHD patients exhibited deficits in prepulse modulation, but these reflected an interaction of controlled attention and time of information processing. Normal PPI and PPF occurred under all conditions except for controlled attentional modulation of PPI. Attention deficits in ADHD patients may reflect not general derangements in information processing or ability to attend but, rather, selective disturbances of controlled attention during early information processing.

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Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Mash

Wolfe

2003

Handbook of Psychology

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Current knowledge of child and adolescent disorders is compromised by a lack of child‐specific theories. Despite the increasing attention to disorders of childhood and adolescence, there remain fewer categories for diagnosing mental disorders in children than in adults. Despite these caveats, tremendous advances have been made in the last decade with respect to childhood psychopathology. New conceptual frameworks, new knowledge, and new research methods have greatly enhanced our understanding of childhood disorders. This chapter demonstrates these advances with respect to the broad domains of externalizing disorders (e.g., disruptive behavior disorders) and internalizing disorders (mood and anxiety disorders). Considered within this chapter are the phenomenology, epidemiology, developmental course, associated features, and proposed causes. Integrative developmental pathway models for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders of childhood are provided. The chapter concludes with a discussion of current issues and future directions for the field.

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Cognitive Control Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 171 publications

References 140 publications

Response Execution and Inhibition in Children with AD/HD and Other Disruptive Disorders: The Role of Behavioural Activation

Response Execution and Inhibition in Children with AD/HD and Other Disruptive Disorders: The Role of Behavioural Activation

Early attentional deficits in an attention-to-prepulse paradigm in ADHD adults.

Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

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