Cognitive Correlates of Hippocampal Atrophy and Ventricular Enlargement in Adults with or without Mild Cognitive Impairment

Goukasian, Naira; Porat, Shai; Blanken, Anna E.; Ávila, David; Zlatev, Dimitar V.; Hurtz, Sona; Hwang, Kristy; Pierce, Jonathan; Joshi, Shantanu H.; Woo, Ellen; Apostolova, Liana G.

doi:10.1159/000490044

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…For example, the hippocampus is susceptible to the earliest AD neuropathological changes (Frankó et al, 2013), subtle alterations in cerebral hemodynamics over the course of aging (Okonkwo et al, 2014), blood-brain barrier breakdown (Montagne et al, 2015), and hippocampal sclerosis (Barker et al, 2002). Thus, it is not surprising that hippocampal volume is a strong predictor of concurrent (Besson et al, 2015;Seab et al, 1988) and future cognitive (Goukasian et al, 2019;Jack et al, 2000) impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-water metrics in medial temporal lobe white matter tract projections relate to longitudinal cognitive decline

Archer

Moore

Shashikumar

et al. 2020

Neurobiology of Aging

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Although hippocampal volume has served as a long-standing predictor of cognitive decline, diffusion MRI studies of white matter have shown similar relationships. Still, it remains unclear if gray and white matter interact to predict cognitive impairment and longitudinal decline. Here, we investigate whether FW and FW-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA T ) within medial temporal lobe white matter tracts provides meaningful contribution to cognition and cognitive decline beyond hippocampal volume. Using data from the Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project (n=319), we found that FW was associated with baseline memory and executive function beyond that of hippocampal volume and other comorbidities for memory loss and executive function. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated significant interactions of hippocampal volume and FA T within the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (p=0.043) and cingulum bundle (p=0.025) with decline in memory. For decline in executive function, we found significant interactions on hippocampal volume and FA T within fornix (p=0.025). Results suggest that free-water metrics of white matter have a unique role in cognitive decline and should be include in theoretical models of aging, cerebrovascular disease, and AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-water metrics in medial temporal lobe white matter tract projections relate to longitudinal cognitive decline

Archer

Moore

Shashikumar

et al. 2020

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…Animal studies have shown that with CCH, the hippocampus displays acute neuronal damage and cell death originating from the CA4 area, to CA2 and CA3, with the CA1 area being the last zone affected [ 71 , 161 , 162 ]. Decline in memory performance, spatial navigation and visuospatial functions have been observed in patients with hippocampal atrophy [ 163 , 164 ]. While the direct mechanistic explanation for these associations in VCI has not been established, it is suggested that reduced neuronal capacity in the hippocampal area lowers its connectivity with other brain regions [ 163 – 165 ].…”

Section: Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (Cch): a Primary Driver Of Vcimentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment

Poh

Sim

et al. 2022

Mol Neurodegeneration

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There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.

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“…Notably, a recent meta-analysis has demonstrated that habitual PA prevents hippocampal volumetric decreases, which occur over time in humans [ 5 ]. The hippocampus is the primary centre of learning and memory, and since age-related hippocampal atrophy is a strong predictor of future cognitive decline [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], these findings hold promising implications for combating cognitive decline through exercise-induced retention of hippocampal volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Role of Exercise and Probiotics in Stressful Brain Conditions

Martínez-Guardado

Arboleya

Grijota

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Oxidative stress has been recognized as a contributing factor in aging and in the progression of multiple neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s dementia, ischemic stroke, and head and spinal cord injury. The increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, altered metal homeostasis, and compromised brain antioxidant defence. All these changes have been reported to directly affect synaptic activity and neurotransmission in neurons, leading to cognitive dysfunction. In this context two non-invasive strategies could be employed in an attempt to improve the aforementioned stressful brain status. In this regard, it has been shown that exercise could increase the resistance against oxidative stress, thus providing enhanced neuroprotection. Indeed, there is evidence suggesting that regular physical exercise diminishes BBB permeability as it reinforces antioxidative capacity, reduces oxidative stress, and has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the differential effects of different types of exercise (aerobic exhausted exercise, anaerobic exercise, or the combination of both types) and the duration of physical activity will be also addressed in this review as likely determinants of therapeutic efficacy. The second proposed strategy is related to the use of probiotics, which can also reduce some biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, although their underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Moreover, various probiotics produce neuroactive molecules that directly or indirectly impact signalling in the brain. In this review, we will discuss how physical activity can be incorporated as a component of therapeutic strategies in oxidative stress-based neurological disorders along with the augmentation of probiotics intake.

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Cognitive Correlates of Hippocampal Atrophy and Ventricular Enlargement in Adults with or without Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Free-water metrics in medial temporal lobe white matter tract projections relate to longitudinal cognitive decline

Free-water metrics in medial temporal lobe white matter tract projections relate to longitudinal cognitive decline

The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment

The Therapeutic Role of Exercise and Probiotics in Stressful Brain Conditions

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