Cognitive decline and dementia in women after menopause: Prevention strategies

Stefanowski, Bogdan; Kucharski, Marek; Szeliga, Anna; Snopek, Milena; Kostrzak, Anna; Smolarczyk, Roman; Maciejewska-Jeske, Marzena; Duszewska, A. M.; Niwczyk, Olga; Drozd, Sławomir; Englert-Golon, Monika; Smolarczyk, Katarzyna; Męczekalski, Błażej

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.10.012

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Prior evidences suggested that compared to males, females were more likely to be less socially engaged [ 44 ], exhibit poorer mental health [ 45 ], and even experience higher exposure to pain, such as migraine [ 46 , 47 ]. Besides, greater fluctuation of sex hormones for female older adults in later life than males of the same age might provide another potential explanation for the poor EF of females than males [ 48 , 49 ]. Previous evidence depicted the sex differences in cognitive vulnerability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical frailty intensifies the positive association of oral frailty with poor global cognitive function and executive function among older adults especially for females: a cross-sectional study

Fei,

Niu,

et al. 2024

BMC Geriatr

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Background Oral frailty is reported to increase the risk of new onset of mild cognitive impairment. Whereas, the association of oral frailty with cognition among older adults in both physical frail and non-physical frail status has not been sufficiently explored, and whether there are sex differences in the association is unclear. This study investigated the association of oral frailty and physical frailty with global cognitive function and executive function among older adults, as well as the sex differences in such association. Methods This cross-sectional study included 307 participants aged ≥ 60 years old from communities between June 2023 and August 2023, in Nanjing, China. Global cognitive function and executive function were assessed by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Trail Making Tests A (TMT-A), respectively. Oral frailty was identified by the combination of natural tooth, Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8), and oral diadochokinesis. Physical frailty was measured by using Fried phenotype model which contained 5 criteria: unintentional weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, and low physical activity. Multiple linear regression analyses for overall participants and stratified by sex and presence or absence of physical frailty were performed, respectively, to examine the association between oral frailty and cognitive functions. Results The median age of participants was 70 years old. The study included 158 (51.5%) females, 53 (17.3%) individuals with physical frailty, and 65 (21.2%) participants with oral frailty. After adjustment, the association between oral frailty and global cognitive function was observed in the physical frailty group (B = -2.67, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -5.27 to -0.07, p = 0.045) and the females with physical frailty (B = -4, 95% CI: -7.41 to -0.58, p = 0.024). Oral frailty was associated with executive function in overall participants (B = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.22, p = 0.037), physical frailty group (B = 23.68, 95% CI: 1.37 to 45.99, p = 0.038). In the adjusted models, oral frailty was significantly associated with executive function in all females (B = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.36, p = 0.009), in females without physical frailty (B = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.36, p = 0.027), and in females with physical frailty (B = 48.69, 95% CI: 7.17 to 90.21, p = 0.024). Conclusions Physical frailty intensifies the positive association of oral frailty with poor global cognitive function and executive function among older adults, particularly among females. It is ponderable to consider sex differences and facilitate the management of physical frailty when it comes to promoting cognitive health based on the perspective of oral health among older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical frailty intensifies the positive association of oral frailty with poor global cognitive function and executive function among older adults especially for females: a cross-sectional study

Fei,

Niu,

et al. 2024

BMC Geriatr

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“…This aspect might be also exacerbated in women due to the impacting changes in general physiology and brain functioning induced by the hormonal modifications caused by menopause. In fact, the hormonal changes underlying menopause, especially the drop in estrogen levels, may affect different aspects of the brain’s neurochemistry and plasticity, increasing the risk of developing cognitive impairments, dementia, and neurodegenerative disorders [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. In this regard, it is not surprising that in our study, the most significant part of the decline in chemosensory and cognitive functions overlaps with the age in which premenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal conditions take place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between Gustatory, Olfactory, Cognitive Function, and Age in Healthy Women

Sanna,

Castelli,

Mostallino

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Aging is a progressive physiological degeneration associated with a decline in chemosensory processes and cognitive abilities and a reduction in synaptic plasticity. The biological bases of ageing are still not completely understood, and many theories have been proposed. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of age-related changes affecting the chemosensory function (gustatory and olfactory) and general cognitive abilities and their potential associations in women. To this aim, 319 women (the age ranging from 18 to 92 years) were recruited and divided into four different age groups: 18–34 years, 35–49 years, 50–64 years, and ≥65 years. Our results confirmed that in women, gustatory, olfactory, and cognitive functions decline, though in a different manner during aging. Olfactory and cognitive function showed a slight decline along the first three age classes, with a dramatic decrease after age 65 years, while gustatory function decreased more gradually. Olfactory and gustatory deficits may have a high degree of predictivity for general cognitive function as well as for specific cognitive subdomains such as visuospatial/executive abilities, language, memory, and attention. Our study highlighted the importance of using chemosensory assessments for the early diagnosis of cognitive decline and for the development of appropriate personalized risk prevention strategies.

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“…Estrogen deficiency occurring in postmenopausal women causes changes in bone remodeling leading to decreased bone mass, disordered microstructure and decreased strength [9,10,12]; moreover, some data indicate the possible effects of estrogen deficiency on cognition in humans [73][74][75]. Since most AD female patients are postmenopausal, they are at risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Donepezil on the Musculoskeletal System in Female Rats

Londzin

Trawczyński

Cegieła

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The extension of human life makes it more and more important to prevent and treat diseases of the elderly, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis. Little is known about the effects of drugs used in the treatment of AD on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on the musculoskeletal system in rats with normal and reduced estrogen levels. The study was carried out on four groups of mature female rats: non-ovariectomized (NOVX) control rats, NOVX rats treated with donepezil, ovariectomized (OVX) control rats and OVX rats treated with donepezil. Donepezil (1 mg/kg p.o.) was administered for four weeks, starting one week after the ovariectomy. The serum concentrations of CTX-I, osteocalcin and other biochemical parameters, bone mass, density, mineralization, histomorphometric parameters and mechanical properties, and skeletal muscle mass and strength were examined. Estrogen deficiency increased bone resorption and formation and worsened cancellous bone mechanical properties and histomorphometric parameters. In NOVX rats, donepezil decreased bone volume to tissue volume ratio in the distal femoral metaphysis, increased the serum phosphorus concentration and tended to decrease skeletal muscle strength. No significant bone effects of donepezil were observed in OVX rats. The results of the present study indicate slightly unfavorable effects of donepezil on the musculoskeletal system in rats with normal estrogen levels.

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Cognitive decline and dementia in women after menopause: Prevention strategies

Cited by 12 publications

References 78 publications

Physical frailty intensifies the positive association of oral frailty with poor global cognitive function and executive function among older adults especially for females: a cross-sectional study

Physical frailty intensifies the positive association of oral frailty with poor global cognitive function and executive function among older adults especially for females: a cross-sectional study

Correlations between Gustatory, Olfactory, Cognitive Function, and Age in Healthy Women

Effects of Donepezil on the Musculoskeletal System in Female Rats

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