Cognitive Deficits in Nonretarded Adults with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Kerns, Kimberley A.; Don, Audrey J.; Mateer, Catherine A.; Streissguth, Ann P.

doi:10.1177/002221949703000612

Cited by 153 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although the groups displayed similar impairment, WCST performance of the ALC group was significantly better than predicted by IQ, whereas in the ADHD group, the opposite was true. Other studies in alcohol-exposed children and adults have reported EF deficits that remain after IQ is controlled or that are worse than predicted based on IQ deficits (Carmichael Olson et al, 1998;Connor et al, 2000;Kerns et al, 1997;Schonfeld et al, 2001). Although the reason for these conflicting results is unclear, it may be due to task or sample differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differences in executive functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Vaurio

Riley

Mattson

2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Children with either fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) or attention-deficit0hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display deficits in attention and executive function (EF) and differential diagnosis of these two clinical groups may be difficult, especially when information about prenatal alcohol exposure is unavailable. The current study compared EF performance of three groups: children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (ALC); nonexposed children with attention-deficit0hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and typically developing controls (CON). Both clinical groups met diagnostic criteria for ADHD. The EF tasks used were the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). Results indicated different patterns of deficit; both clinical groups displayed deficits on the WCST and a relative weakness on letter versus category fluency. Only the ALC group displayed overall deficits on letter fluency and a relative weakness on TMT-B versus TMT-A. In addition, WCST performance was significantly lower than expected based on IQ in the ADHD group and significantly higher than expected in the ALC group. These results, which indicate that, although EF deficits occurred in both clinical groups, the degree and pattern of deficit differed between the ALC and ADHD groups, may improve differential diagnosis. (JINS, 2008, 14, 119-129.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differences in executive functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Vaurio

Riley

Mattson

2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…At 14 years of age, children in this cohort whose mothers drank an average of one drink per day during pregnancy still exhibited increased behavior/learning deficits (394). Individuals aged 16-27 with IQ scores in the normal range also exhibited impairment in tests of attention, memory, and executive function (395). Binge drinking (fewer than two drinks/ occasion) by the mothers resulted in a profile ofadolescent antisocial behavior (394).…”

Section: Consequences Of Maternal Cigarette Smokingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Critical Periods of Vulnerability for the Developing Nervous System: Evidence from Humans and Animal Models

Rice¹,

Barone²

2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

383

183

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“…These deficits are observable even in participants with FAS who have relatively unaffected overall IQ performance (Mattson et al 1996a, Kerns et al 1997, Olson et al 1998. Children with histories of heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol (PEA) but in whom some criteria for the syndromic diagnosis of FAS are absent, demonstrate similar cognitive deficits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%