Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from COVID-19 relative to controls: An N=84,285 online study

Hampshire, Adam; Trender, William; Chamberlain, Samuel R.; Jolly, Amy; Grant, Jon E.; Patrick, Fiona; Mazibuko, Ndaba; Williams, Steven; Barnby, Joseph M; Hellyer, Peter J.; Mehta, Mitul A.

doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.20215863

Cited by 91 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Recently, Yu et al 55 reported that individuals suspected of having COVID-19 tend to adopt negative coping styles, receive less social support, and have low utilization rates of social support. Continuous forced isolation and uncertainty about their health status may lead to patients’ sensitivity, suspicion, fear, and cognitive deviation (such as emotional processing disorders 70 that could aggravate mental health problems). Individuals’ discernment of acquired information is important for their understanding of the correct protective measures against the epidemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychological Impact and Associated Factors of COVID-19 on the General Public in Hunan, China

Shi¹,

Guo²,

Luo³

et al. 2020

RMHP

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This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among the general public in Hunan Province, China, which could help develop psychological interventions and mental health programs. Participants and Methods: This online cross-sectional study recruited 571 participants through snowball sampling between February 2 and February 5, 2020. Data were collected through a general information questionnaire, the Public Emergency Psychological State Questionnaire, the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Public Disease Awareness on COVID-19 Scale. Results: The total mean score of the public emergency psychological state of the sample was 0.27 (0.31) points, with only 5.78% of participants (n = 33) developing psychological distress. Avoidant coping style and disease awareness were weakly positively correlated (r s = 0.257, p < 0.01) and weakly negatively correlated (r s = −0.124, p <0.01) with psychological responses, respectively. There were significant psychological differences among the following variables: occupation, symptoms of fever or fatigue, discernment of the authenticity of COVID-19 information, and level of concern regarding COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had a minor psychological impact on the general population in Hunan Province. However, psychological health promotion in the general public is still required, especially for employees (such as company employees, migrant workers, and businessmen), individuals with COVID-19-like symptoms, limited discernment competence and unconcerned attitudes. Implications: The initiatives for improving psychological health among the general public could focus on delivering COVID-19 knowledge and alleviating avoidant coping styles. Our findings could provide important insight for the development of psychological support strategies in China, as well as in other places affected by the epidemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychological Impact and Associated Factors of COVID-19 on the General Public in Hunan, China

Shi¹,

Guo²,

Luo³

et al. 2020

RMHP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This effect may be relevant in the control of residual effects of COVID 19 disease. Indeed, in a recent study including 84,285 Great British Intelligence Test with biologically confirmed COVID-19 infection, people who had recovered, including those no longer reporting symptoms, exhibited significant cognitive deficits (69). The scale of the observed deficits was equivalent to the average 10-year decline in global performance between the ages of 20 to 70 within the same dataset.…”

Section: Melatonin and Sleepmentioning

confidence: 96%

Efficacy of melatonin in non-intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and sleep dysregulation

et al. 2021

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The association of sleep disruption with a higher vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is a subject of major clinical importance. In patients with pneumonia associated with COVID-19 admitted to non-intensive care unit (NICU) several factors, like the disrupting influence of respiratory distress, medication, greater stress due to social isolation, and lack of appropriate exposure to environmental light can be instrumental to disrupt sleep/wake cycle. The therapeutic potential of melatonin to counteract the consequences of COVID-19 infection has been advocated. Because of its wide-ranging effects as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory compound, melatonin could be unique in impairing the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Melatonin is also an effective chronobiotic agent to reverse the circadian disruption of social isolation and to control delirium in severely affected patients. Properly administered, melatonin may restore the optimal circadian pattern of the sleep-wake cycle and improve clinical condition in pneumonia associated with COVID-19 patients. The present review article discusses the importance of maintaining normal sleep and circadian rhythmicity in NICU patients and provides preliminary data suggesting the efficacy of melatonin (9 mg/day) to reduce length of stay of pneumonia patients associated with COVID-19 in NICU.

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“…In a recent study, to the present date (23 November 2020) published as a preprint, cognitive test data were obtained from 84,285 Great British Intelligence Test participants who completed a questionnaire regarding suspected and biologically confirmed COVID-19 infection [ 101 ]. People who had recovered, including those no longer reporting symptoms, exhibited significant cognitive deficits when controlling for age, gender, education level, income, racial-ethnic group, and pre-existing medical disorders.…”

Section: Melatonin and Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scale of the observed deficits was equivalent to an average 10-year decline in global performance between the ages of 20 to 70 within this dataset. As a comparison, the authors remarked that this deficit was larger than the mean deficit of 512 people who indicated they had previously suffered a stroke and 1016 who reported learning disabilities [ 101 ]. “Brain fog”, i.e., confusion, forgetfulness, inability to focus, fatigue, and low mental energy [ 102 , 103 ] may be thus an emerging major sequela of COVID-19 infection ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Melatonin and Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Melatonin Be a Potential “Silver Bullet” in Treating COVID-19 Patients?

2020

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The therapeutic potential of melatonin as a chronobiotic cytoprotective agent to counteract the consequences of COVID-19 infections has been advocated. Because of its wide-ranging effects as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory compound, melatonin could be unique in impairing the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, indirect evidence points out to a possible antiviral action of melatonin by interfering with SARS-CoV-2/angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 association. Melatonin is also an effective chronobiotic agent to reverse the circadian disruption of social isolation and to control delirium in severely affected patients. As a cytoprotector, melatonin serves to combat several comorbidities such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases, which aggravate COVID-19 disease. In view of evidence on the occurrence of neurological sequels in COVID-19-infected patients, another putative application of melatonin emerges based on its neuroprotective properties. Since melatonin is an effective means to control cognitive decay in minimal cognitive impairment, its therapeutic significance for the neurological sequels of SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered. Finally, yet importantly, exogenous melatonin can be an adjuvant capable of augmenting the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We discuss in this review the experimental evidence suggesting that melatonin is a potential “silver bullet” in the COVID 19 pandemic.

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Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from COVID-19 relative to controls: An N=84,285 online study

Cited by 91 publications

References 19 publications

The Psychological Impact and Associated Factors of COVID-19 on the General Public in Hunan, China

The Psychological Impact and Associated Factors of COVID-19 on the General Public in Hunan, China

Efficacy of melatonin in non-intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and sleep dysregulation

Can Melatonin Be a Potential “Silver Bullet” in Treating COVID-19 Patients?

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