Cognitive disparity in schizophrenics with and without cocaine dependency

Smelson, David A.; Davis, Craig W.; Eisenstein, Norman; Engelhart, Charles; Williams, John; Losonczy, Miklos F.; Ziedonis, Douglas M.

doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(02)00324-0

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…First, it is possible that the pre-existing cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is so pronounced that it is minimally impacted by cocaine use. Our data are consistent with a recent metanalysis (Potvin et al, 2008) and several individual studies (e.g., Cooper et al, 1999; Smelson et al, 2003) that have found few cognitive differences between schizophrenia samples with and without a co-occurring SUD. Given the pattern of results in the affective disorder groups, cognitive functioning in patients with affective disorder may also be minimally impacted by cocaine use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Some studies suggest a verbal memory impairment (Serper et al, 2000a; Serper et al, 2000b; Sevy et al, 1990) while others suggest better processing speed (Smelson et al, 2002). Several other studies have found no difference on attention and executive functioning measures (Cooper et al, 1999; Copersino et al, 2004; Serper et al, 2000a; Smelson et al, 2003). Only one study included a brief (18 days) follow up to evaluate change in cognitive functioning during a longer period of abstinence and found few differences between time points (Cooper et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Neurocognitive Characteristics of Individuals With Schizophrenia and Cocaine Dependence

Peer¹,

Bennett²,

Bellack³

2009

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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Several investigations of cognitive functioning in indivduals with schizophrenia and co-occurring cocaine use have yielded mixed results when compared to samples with schizophrenia only. However, no studies have specifically compared remitted and current cocaine dependence in schizophrenia. Such an analyis could help clarify the degree and type of cognitive impairment associated with cocaine dependence in schizophrenia. Two samples of individuals with schizophrenia – those with current cocaine dependence (SZ-D; n = 72) and those with cocaine dependence in remission (SZ-R; n = 48) were compared on a brief neuropsychological test battery. Parallel current dependent and remitted samples with affective disorder (AD-D; n = 65 and AD-R; n = 55) were also included in the analyses. Results yielded few neuropsychological differences between remitted and current dependent states across the SZ and AD groups. These findings suggest that cognitive impairment may be relatively static in these populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Neurocognitive Characteristics of Individuals With Schizophrenia and Cocaine Dependence

Peer¹,

Bennett²,

Bellack³

2009

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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“…Tobacco and alcohol are the most frequently used substances among people with schizophrenia and in CHR than in the general population (Addington et al, 2014; Buchy et al, in press; de Leon and Diaz, 2005) and have been associated with neurocognitive function in schizophrenia (Morisano et al, 2013; Wing et al, 2011; Yip et al, 2009)(Allen et al, 1999; Cantor-Graae et al, 2001; Fowler et al, 1998; Manning et al, 2009) Stimulant use also has a deleterious effect on cognitive functions in people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (Bahorik et al, 2014; Serper et al, 2000a; Serper et al, 2000b; Smelson et al, 2003; van der Meer et al, 2014), and other studies have reported elevated neurocognition in people with schizophrenia currently using cocaine (Bahorik et al, 2014; Benaiges et al, 2013). Therefore, these variables must be taken into account when interpreting results of the relationship between cannabis use and IQ across the schizophrenia spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the relationship between cannabis use and IQ in youth and young adults at clinical high risk of psychosis

Buchy

Seidman

Cadenhead

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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Among people with psychosis, those with a history of cannabis use show better cognitive performance than those who are cannabis naïve. It is unknown whether this pattern is present in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis. We evaluated relationships between IQ and cannabis use while controlling for use of other substances known to impact cognition in 678 CHR and 263 healthy control (HC) participants. IQ was estimated using the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Drug and alcohol use severity and frequency were assessed with the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale, and we inquired participants’ age at first use. CHR were further separated into early and late age at onset of cannabis use sub-groups, and low-, moderate- and high-frequency sub-groups. No significant differences in IQ emerged between CHR or HC cannabis users vs. non-users, or between use frequency groups. CHR late-onset users showed significantly higher IQ than CHR early-onset users. Age at onset of cannabis use was significantly and positively correlated with IQ in CHR only. Results suggest that age at onset of cannabis may be a more important factor for IQ than use current use or use frequency in CHR.

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“…Similarly, Sevy, Kay, Opler, and van Praag (1990) showed that cocaine abuse was associated with impaired verbal memory and working memory in patients with schizophrenia. Smelson et al (2003) showed that cocaine abuse was associated with better or worse speed of processing in patients with dual disorders depending on the test used to measure this cognitive domain. On the other hand, two studies failed to detect any differences in cognitive functioning between patients with schizophrenia who abuse cocaine and those who do not (Cooper et al, 1999;Copersino et al, 2004).…”

Section: Cocaine Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical Cognitive Capacities in Dual Diagnosis Schizophrenia: The Quest for Explanatory Factors

Potvin

MPs

2012

Journal of Dual Diagnosis

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Objective: Individuals with either schizophrenia or a substance use disorder have been shown to independently display cognitive deficits. Patients with schizophrenia who abuse psychoactive substances should then arguably display an aggravation in cognitive impairment. However, cognitive integrity among individuals with dual diagnosis remains paradoxical, with some studies reporting dysfunction and others reporting preservation. Methods: A literature search of PubMed and PsycInfo was conducted using the following major inclusion criteria: (a) schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, (b) presence or absence of a substance use disorder, and (c) measures of cognitive function. Results: Young patients with schizophrenia and comorbid substance abuse typically display better cognitive abilities than older individuals with dual diagnosis. Also, depending on the type of task assessed, cognition either remains relatively intact (e.g., psychomotor speed), dysfunctional (e.g., verbal memory), or ambiguous (e.g., impulsivity). Performance on tasks of impulsivity, however, remains particularly difficult to interpret, most probably due to the complexity of the multidimensional construct of this cognitive domain. Finally, depending on the preference of psychoactive substance used, some individuals with dual diagnosis exhibit better cognitive function (e.g., cannabis), while others display marked decreases on task performance (e.g., alcohol), relative to those with schizophrenia only. Conclusions: Age, type of cognitive function measured, and type of psychoactive substance abused appear to be three factors that interact to contribute to the array of current findings among patients with dual diagnoses of schizophrenia and substance use disorder. (Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 8:35-47, 2012)

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Cognitive disparity in schizophrenics with and without cocaine dependency

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Neurocognitive Characteristics of Individuals With Schizophrenia and Cocaine Dependence

Neurocognitive Characteristics of Individuals With Schizophrenia and Cocaine Dependence

Evaluating the relationship between cannabis use and IQ in youth and young adults at clinical high risk of psychosis

Paradoxical Cognitive Capacities in Dual Diagnosis Schizophrenia: The Quest for Explanatory Factors

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