Cognitive dynamics of intertemporal choice in gambling disorder

Calluso, Cinzia; Pettorruso, Mauro; Tosoni, Annalisa; Carenti, Maria Luisa; Cannito, Loreta; Martinotti, Giovanni; Giannantonio, Massimo Di; Committeri, Giorgia

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106463

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This phenomenon has received increasing attention in the last years as it has been shown that temporal discounting predicts suboptimal behavior in several domains, such as health and food style, finances, household savings, and personal development (e.g., Snider et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, prior studies have demonstrated how steep delay discounting is associated with several dysfunctional behaviors or clinical conditions such as smoking (e.g., Audrain-McGovern et al, 2009 ), drug abuse (e.g., Kirby et al, 1999 ), gambling (e.g., Calluso et al, 2020 ), and CB (e.g., Williams, 2012 ). It is against this background that excessive discounting has been a candidate as a trans-disease process for those conditions that share an inability to delay a gratification leading to a “here and now” bias (e.g., Bickel et al, 2012 ; Amlung et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Discounting of Money and Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Hoarding Level

et al. 2021

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The current study examines the association of individual hoarding levels with temporal discounting of different commodities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on their hoarding level, participants were assigned to the Hoarding Group (HG) or the Non-Hoarding Group (NHG). Participants performed two delay discounting tasks: a traditional task with monetary options and a modified task, where money was replaced with disposable surgical masks, a needed commodity during the pandemic. Results revealed a stronger preference for immediate commodity, therefore a higher discount rate, when evaluating surgical masks compared to money in the whole sample, and an overall higher tendency in discounting both type of rewards in the NHG compared to the HG. Moreover, non-hoarders discounted money significantly more than hoarders, while no significant differences were detected in the surgical mask version of the task. Possible explanations for this result are discussed in the light of a situational frame that makes salient the notion of scarcity, like the one induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The hoarding dimension of cluttering was found to be the only dimension to significantly correlate with the discount rate on surgical masks. Altogether, these findings shed light on the role of general hoarding level and specific hoarding dimensions on intertemporal preferences with different commodities by contributing to the theoretical debate about impulsivity in hoarders' behavior. Furthermore, the present results help to understand the general population's preferences during times of crisis, thus contributing to the investigation of the effects of COVID-19 on consumers' behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Discounting of Money and Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Hoarding Level

et al. 2021

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“…This latter was parametrically varied across seven amounts (i.e., 15€, 25€, 30€, 40€, 45€, 55€, and 60€) and six waiting times (i.e., 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days), thus obtaining 42 different choice pairs. Each choice pair was repeated 10 times, thus, the task included a total amount of 420 trials, which were pseudo-randomly distributed across three experimental blocks (see Calluso et al, 2015a, 2015b, 2017, 2019, 2020 for a similar task design; Figure 1A).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The statistical significance of the effects was assessed using mixed effects-models (Baayen et al, 2008; Bates et al, 2015; R Core Team, 2014) because they are able to account for between-subject differences, which are unrelated to the task design/experimental manipulation. Additionally, such approach represents a gold standard analysis when dealing with mouse kinematics data to account for participants’ basic motor properties (e.g., a subject can show higher trajectories’ curvature or can be faster/slower compared to another, independently from the decision itself) and was also employed in many previous mouse-tracking studies (Barca & Pezzulo, 2012; Calluso et al, 2018, 2019, 2020; O’Hora et al, 2013a, 2016; Quétard et al, 2016; Quinton et al, 2013; Tabatabaeian et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, discounting preferences are associated with a series of sub-optimal behaviors as well as with many clinical conditions (Bickel et al, 2012; Koffarnus et al, 2013; Story et al, 2014; van den Bos & McClure, 2013). Indeed, high discount rates predict initiation of smoking in adolescence (Audrain-McGovern et al, 2009a, 2009b; Bickel et al, 2012) and appear to be related to a series of dysfunctional behaviors, including alcoholism (Petry, 2001; Vuchinich & Simpson, 1999), drug abuse (Kirby et al, 1999; Kirby & Petry, 2004; Madden et al, 1997) and pathological gambling (Alessi & Petry, 2003; Calluso et al, 2020; Dixon et al, 2016; MacKillop et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such methodology is based on the recording of mouse movements during task execution and the extraction of a series of temporal and spatial parameters, which allow to study the motor and cognitive dynamics related to decision formation. More importantly, with respect to intertemporal choices, previous studies have shown that differences in discounting behavior can be paralleled by differences in the underlying cognitive mechanism of the decision process, as indexed by mouse movement kinematics (Calluso et al, 2015a, 2019, 2020; Hansen et al, 2015; O’Hora et al, 2016; Scherbaum et al, 2016). Thus, here we employed mouse movement kinematics, during the intertemporal choice task, to study whether differences in explicit behavior were also paralleled by different cognitive mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Dynamics of Religiosity and Intertemporal Choice Behavior

Calluso

Zandi

Devetag

2020

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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The preference for smaller-sooner rewards over larger-delayed ones (temporal discounting, TD) has been suggested to be influenced by religiosity, through its role in enhancing self-control. Here we investigate this issue in Muslims, Catholics, and two control groups of Italian and Iranian atheists, by measuring implicit religiosity (implicit association test, IAT) and the cognitive dynamics underlying TD (using mouse tracking). Results showed that Muslims are the most farsighted, while Catholics are the most shortsighted and both atheists’ groups fall in between these two extremes; additionally, these results are also shaped by implicit religiosity (IAT). Mouse tracking analyses reveal that Muslims show higher cognitive conflict compared to the other groups, which arises only in later stages of processing. This indicates that farsighted behavior in Muslims requires the recruitment of self-control in order to regulate intertemporal decision-making. Our findings suggest that the highly demanding religious precepts enforced in (most) Islamic communities may help strengthen self-control abilities.

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Subjective perception of time and decision inconsistency in interval effect

2022

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The interval effect refers to the phenomenon in which the discount rate decreases as the interval considered increases. It represents one of the many anomalies of the decision-making process in the context of intertemporal choices. This paper suggests that the latter anomaly is due to the perceived time and emotional drives involved in the moment of choice and their interaction. The study is developed through a direct comparison between empirical preferences and those predicted by the normative model, respectively determined by proper time, i.e., empirical time and normative time, which are different from objective time. Although it was known in the literature that the perception of time has a substantial impact on preferences and the phenomenon of temporal inconsistency, our study presents a measure that quantifies the decision-making bias caused by the subjective perception of time and contributes to the normalisation of choices defined as irrational. By the term normalisation, we mean to clarify the extent to which the cognitive structures of the decision-maker respect the principles of economic rationality. From an operational point of view, the present work's originality lies in proving that the same description of subjective time is not constant in the context of the interval effect. The experimental implementation provides empirical evidence of the latter considerations. The contribution of this work refers mainly to the field of behavioural finance as it aims to describe anomalies as inevitable consequences of individual cognitive processes.

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Cognitive dynamics of intertemporal choice in gambling disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Temporal Discounting of Money and Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Hoarding Level

Temporal Discounting of Money and Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Hoarding Level

Cognitive Dynamics of Religiosity and Intertemporal Choice Behavior

Subjective perception of time and decision inconsistency in interval effect

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