Cognitive Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Cause and Effect

Knight, Matthew J.; Aboustate, Natalie; Baune, Bernhard T.

doi:10.1007/s40473-018-0160-y

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Beck's cognitive model has been central to our understanding and treatment of MDD for the past 50 years. Nevertheless, it has also contributed to an under-emphasis of the role of cold cognitive abilities (Knight, Aboustate, & Baune, 2018), some of which have been outlined in the DSM diagnostic criteria for MDD, e.g. diminished ability to think or concentrate, and indecisiveness (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rock et al, 2014;Snyder, 2013), albeit not explicitly measuring the potential explanatory role of hot cognition such as cognitive biases. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that cold deficits precede, and therefore may facilitate, the cascade of hot cognitive biases that occur with MDD onset by compromising the ability to attend, remember, and critically assess information (Knight et al, 2018). Consequently, the individual becomes susceptible to negative information processing.…”

Section: Relevance Of Cold Cognition For the Cognitive Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hot-Cold Cognitive Model of Depression: Integrating the Neuropsychological Approach Into the Cognitive Theory Framework

Ahern

Bockting

Semkovska

2019

CPE

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In the 50 years following Beck’s cognitive theory, empirical research has consistently supported the role of dysfunctional, ‘hot’ cognition in the onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder. Compromised ‘cold’ cognition in attention, memory, and executive control abilities, independent of the affective state, has attracted much clinical interest for its role throughout the course of illness and into remission. We propose integrating cold cognition into Beck’s cognitive theory framework to account for the complementary roles of both hot and cold cognition in depression onset and maintenance. A critical review of cognitive research was conducted to inform an integrated hot-cold cognitive model of depression. Cold cognitive deficits likely act as a gateway to facilitate the activation and expression of the hot cognitive biases through a weakened ability to attend, retrieve, and critically assess information. Cold deficits become exacerbated by the negative mood state, essentially ‘becoming hot’, lending to maladaptive emotion regulation through ruminative processes. Depleted cognitive resources contribute to the manifestation of further deficit in problem-solving ability in everyday life, which in itself, may act as a stressor for the onset of recurrent episodes, perpetuating the depressive cycle. We discuss the interaction between hot and cold cognition within the cognitive theory framework and the potential of complementary hot-cold pathways to elucidate novel means of prevention and treatment for depression. Dysfunction in hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognition has been demonstrated in depression, but psychological treatment has largely focused on hot cognition only. Hot and cold cognition are complementary processes throughout the activation and maintenance of depressive schemas and biases, necessitating the consideration of both hot and cold cognitive aspects to disrupt the depressive cycle. The proposed hot-cold cognitive model shows promise to stimulate new research avenues for the prevention and treatment of depression. Dysfunction in hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognition has been demonstrated in depression, but psychological treatment has largely focused on hot cognition only. Hot and cold cognition are complementary processes throughout the activation and maintenance of depressive schemas and biases, necessitating the consideration of both hot and cold cognitive aspects to disrupt the depressive cycle. The proposed hot-cold cognitive model shows promise to stimulate new research avenues for the prevention and treatment of depression.

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Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevance Of Cold Cognition For the Cognitive Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hot-Cold Cognitive Model of Depression: Integrating the Neuropsychological Approach Into the Cognitive Theory Framework

Ahern

Bockting

Semkovska

2019

CPE

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“…Considering that genetics plays a controlling role in both cognitive ability and MDD ( 43 ), the usage of genome-wide association investigations to isolate the common genetic variants strongly linked with PPD and cognition is recommended. As a key feature of depression, cognitive dysfunction may interact with the onset of depression ( 44 ). Thus, it is also possible that cognitive impairment can reversely cause PPD, which is beyond the scope of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the causal association of postpartum depression with cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment: a Mendelian randomization study

Shen

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is considered the most widespread puerperium complication. The associations of major depressive disorder with certain types of cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive function have been proposed, but the potential causal effects of PPD on these phenotypes are still unknown.MethodsA Mendelian randomization (MR) research design with various methods (e.g., inverse-variance weighted method and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test) was adopted to establish a causal relationship between PPD with cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment.ResultsNo causal relationship between PPD with carotid intima media thickness and cerebrovascular diseases (i.e., stroke, ischemic stroke, and cerebral aneurysm) was found. However, MR analyses indicated a causal association between PPD and decreased cognitive function (P = 3.55 × 10−3), which remained significant even after multiple comparison corrections using the Bonferroni method. Sensitivity analyses using weighted median and MR-Egger methods indicated a consistent direction of the association.ConclusionThe causal association between PPD and cognitive impairment indicates that cognitive impairment is a critical aspect of PPD and thus cannot be regarded as an epiphenomenon. Addressing cognitive impairment and lessening the symptoms associated with PPD independently play significant roles in the treatment of PPD.

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Restoration of psychosocial functioning in remitted major depressive disorder patients: A 1-year longitudinal study

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2020

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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Cognitive Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Cause and Effect

Cited by 4 publications

References 98 publications

A Hot-Cold Cognitive Model of Depression: Integrating the Neuropsychological Approach Into the Cognitive Theory Framework

A Hot-Cold Cognitive Model of Depression: Integrating the Neuropsychological Approach Into the Cognitive Theory Framework

Investigating the causal association of postpartum depression with cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment: a Mendelian randomization study

Restoration of psychosocial functioning in remitted major depressive disorder patients: A 1-year longitudinal study

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