Cognitive dysfunction profile and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes

Mehrabian, Shima; Raycheva, Margarita; Gateva, Antoaneta; Todorova, Gergana; Angelova, Petia; Traykova, Martina; Stankova, Tonya; Kamenov, Zdravko; Traykov, Latchezar

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.07.046

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Small vessel disease not only could predict future cognitive decline in elderly people with T2DM [45] but also was associated with the hippocampal atrophic changes [46] (Figure 1). Further, accelerated cognitive decline in patients with T2DM was associated with vascular damages [47]; arterial stiffness was increased and significantly associated with cognition impairments in T2DM patients [16].…”

Section: Pathological Mechanisms Underlying the Impaired Cognition Fumentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Impaired cognition functions in patients with T2DM were manifested in a variety of domains, such as attention [14,15,16], execution [14,15,16,17,18], information processing speed [9,14,16,18,19,20], working memory [14,15,17,18], and verbal memory [16,20,21,22,23]. Impaired cognition functions were associated with not only subcortical ischemic changes in the brain but also brain atrophy [14].…”

Section: Pathological Mechanisms Underlying the Impaired Cognition Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Update on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Dementia

Huang

2016

JAD

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With the rapidly expanding evidence on brain structural and functional changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, there is an increasing need to update our understanding on how T2DM associates with dementia as well as the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. A literature search of T2DM and dementia or cognition impairments was carried out in electronic databases Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. In this review, the chosen evidence was limited to human subject studies only, and data on either type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or non-classified diabetes were excluded. T2DM is a risk factor for both vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), although AD pathological marker studies have not provided sufficient evidence. T2DM interacts additively or synergistically with many factors, including old age, hypertension, total cholesterol, and APOE 4 carrier status for impaired cognition functions seen in patients with T2DM. In addition, comorbid T2DM can worsen the clinical presentations of patients with either AD or VaD. In summary, T2DM increases the risk for AD through different mechanisms for VaD although some mechanisms may overlap. Tau-related neurofibrillary tangles instead of amyloid-␤ plaques are more likely to be the pathological biomarkers for T2DM-related dementia. Degeneration of neurons in the brain, impaired regional blood supply/metabolism, and genetic predisposition are all involved in T2DM-associated dementia or cognitive impairments.

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Section: Pathological Mechanisms Underlying the Impaired Cognition Fumentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Pathological Mechanisms Underlying the Impaired Cognition Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Dementia

Huang

2016

JAD

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“…a difference of at least half a standard deviation (Cohen's d), in cognitive performance between target and reference groups is considered clinically or practically important for everyday functioning and independence [16], regardless of whether statistical significance is reached. However, most studies report only statistically significant differences in psychometric tests between diabetics and healthy control groups [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Moreover, without a standardized index or scale to compare between psychometric tests, it is difficult to gauge the extent of cognitive impairment in different studies.…”

Section: Potential Issues With Assessing Cognitive Function In Type 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Premorbid Cognitive Ability in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—a Review With Implications for Future Intervention Studies

2014

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Associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and accelerated cognitive decline are well established. However, the sensitivity of neuropsychological tests to detect early deficits in cognitively normal adults with T2DM is unknown. This review examined cognitive domains and specific neuropsychological tests that are impaired in T2DM, based on clinically significant differences (effect sizes >0.5) between T2DM and groups without T2DM. Nine cross-sectional studies were identified which reported means and standard deviations for individual tests. Tests of executive function, working memory and psychomotor and attentional functions were found to be impaired in T2DM. Impairments of executive function and choice reaction time may have consequences for everyday functioning, in particular the risk of falls in older adults. More research on cognitive deficits in dual-task situations and how they impact everyday functioning is needed; the Trail Making Task, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Verbal Fluency Task and tests of reaction time and processing speed could be included as core components of test batteries in future intervention studies. They could also be assessed in newly diagnosed T2DM and used to monitor progressive deterioration of cognitive function and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions on cognitive function.

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“…[3][4][5] The aim of this study was to prospectively determine the associations between inflammation, cerebral vasoregulation, and cognitive performance over a 2-year span in older adults with and without T2DM. We hypothesized that (1) inflammation and hyperglycemia are associated with impaired vasoregulation in the brain, and (2) impaired vasoregulation is associated with cognitive decline in T2DM.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inflammation-associated declines in cerebral vasoreactivity and cognition in type 2 diabetes

et al. 2015

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Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the relationships between inflammation, cerebral vasoregulation, and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over a 2-year span.Methods: Sixty-five participants (aged 66 6 9.2 years, 35 with T2DM, 33 women) were enrolled for this 2-year prospective study. Continuous arterial spin labeling at 3-tesla MRI was used to measure global and regional cerebral perfusion and vasoreactivity. Neuropsychological measures were evaluated at the beginning and completion of the study. The associations between serum inflammatory markers, regional cerebral vasoreactivity, and cognitive functions were examined using least squares models.Results: After 2 years of follow-up, participants with T2DM had diminished global and regional cerebral vasoreactivity and a decline in multiple cognitive tasks compared with baseline (p , 0.0001-0.012). In the T2DM group, lower cerebral vasoreactivity was associated with a greater decrease in daily living activities score (r Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized as an independent risk for development of cognitive impairment and dementia.1,2 Endothelial dysfunction and impaired cerebral vasoregulation associated with hyperglycemia and elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels have been linked to functional decline in T2DM.3-5 The aim of this study was to prospectively determine the associations between inflammation, cerebral vasoregulation, and cognitive performance over a 2-year span in older adults with and without T2DM. We hypothesized that (1) inflammation and hyperglycemia are associated with impaired vasoregulation in the brain, and (2) impaired vasoregulation is associated with cognitive decline in T2DM.

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Cognitive dysfunction profile and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

An Update on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Dementia

An Update on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Dementia

Assessing Premorbid Cognitive Ability in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—a Review With Implications for Future Intervention Studies

Inflammation-associated declines in cerebral vasoreactivity and cognition in type 2 diabetes

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