Cognitive Dysfunctions Associated With PTSD: Evidence from World War II Prisoners of War

Hart, John; Kimbrell, Tim A.; Fauver, Peter; Cherry, Barbara; Pitcock, Jeffery A.; Booe, Leroy Q.; Tillman, Gail D.; Freeman, Thomas

doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20.3.309

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous reports that low IQ is a risk factor for PTSD (Engelhard, van den Hout, & Schouten, 2006;Parslow & Jorm, 2007). Of particular relevance to the present data is a study of World War n veterans using the same instruments as those reported here that found that WTAR scores correlated with clinician ratings of PTSD severity on the basis of the CAPS (Hart et al, 2008). Likewise, our finding that premorbid ability was associated with severity of postconcussive complaints may be interpreted as evidence (hat premorbid factors place veterans al risk for PCD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Memory deficits, postconcussive complaints, and posttraumatic stress disorder in a volunteer sample of veterans.

Larson¹,

Zollman²,

Kondiles³

et al. 2013

Rehabilitation Psychology

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These data are consistent with multifactorial models of the etiology of postconcussion disorder and PTSD such as the "burden of adversity hypothesis" described by Brenner, Vanderploeg, and Terrio (2009). In such models, symptom severity and course of recovery are determined not only by trauma severity but (also) premorbid risk factors and postonset complications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Memory deficits, postconcussive complaints, and posttraumatic stress disorder in a volunteer sample of veterans.

Larson¹,

Zollman²,

Kondiles³

et al. 2013

Rehabilitation Psychology

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“…Also, we included both PTSD samples from Hart et al (2008) and both PTSD samples from Samuelson et al (2006), as both studies presented one PTSD sample with psychiatric comorbidities and one without. Studies that included symptom provocation or trauma recall in the same session as the administration of neuropsychological tests were included only if neuropsychological testing occurred before any potential symptom exposure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative meta-analysis of neurocognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Scott¹,

Matt²,

Wrocklage³

et al. 2015

Psychological Bulletin

436

363

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with regional alterations in brain structure and function that are hypothesized to contribute to symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with the disorder. We present here the first systematic meta-analysis of neurocognitive outcomes associated with PTSD to examine a broad range of cognitive domains and describe the profile of cognitive deficits, as well as modifying clinical factors and study characteristics. This report is based on data from 60 studies totaling 4,108 participants, including 1,779with PTSD, 1,446 trauma-exposed comparison participants, and 895 healthy comparison participants without trauma exposure. Effect size estimates were calculated using a mixed-effects meta-analysis for nine cognitive domains: attention/working memory, executive functions, verbal learning, verbal memory, visual learning, visual memory, language, speed of information processing, and visuospatial abilities. Analyses revealed significant neurocognitive effects associated with PTSD, although these ranged widely in magnitude, with the largest effect sizes in verbal learning (d =−.62), speed of information processing (d =−.59), attention/working memory (d =−.50), and verbal memory (d =−.46). Effect size estimates were significantly larger in treatment-seeking than community samples and in studies that did not exclude participants with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and effect sizes were affected by between-group IQ discrepancies and the gender composition of the PTSD groups. Our findings indicate that consideration of neuropsychological functioning in attention, verbal memory, and speed of information processing may have important implications for the effective clinical management of persons with PTSD. Results are further discussed in the context of cognitive models of PTSD and the limitations of this literature.

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“…For example, persons with PTSD tend to perform worse on some tests of executive functioning with moderate to large effect sizes (0.70-1.62) for Trails B reported in several studies (e.g., Beckham, Crawford, & Feldman, 1998;Jenkins. Langlais, Delis, & Cohen, 2000;Hart et al, 2008). Memory deficits in PTSD have been the focus of two 882 ANNE L. SHANDERA-OCHSNER ET AL.…”

Section: Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Effects of Self-Reported Deployment-Related Mild TBI and Current PTSD in OIF/OEF Veterans

Shandera-Ochsner

Berry

Harp

et al. 2013

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Current combat veterans are exposed to many incidents that may result in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While there is literature on the neuropsychological consequences of PTSD only (PTSD-o) and mTBI alone (mTBI-o), less has been done to explore their combined (mTBI+PTSD) effect. The goal of this study was to determine whether Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veterans with mTBI+PTSD have poorer cognitive and psychological outcomes than veterans with PTSD-o, mTBI-o, or combat exposure-only. The final sample included 20 OIF/OEF veterans with histories of self-reported deployment mTBI (mTBI-o), 19 with current PTSD (PTSD-o), 21 with PTSD and self-reported mTBI (mTBI+PTSD), and 21 combat controls (CC) (no PTSD and no reported mTBI). Groups were formed using structured interviews for mTBI and PTSD. All participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing, including neurocognitive and psychiatric feigning tests. Results of cognitive tests revealed significant differences in performance in the mTBI+PTSD and PTSD-o groups relative to mTBI-o and CC. Consistent with previous PTSD literature, significant differences were found on executive (switching) tasks, verbal fluency, and verbal memory. Effect sizes tended to be large in both groups with PTSD. Thus, PTSD seems to be an important variable affecting neuropsychological profiles in the post-deployment time period. Consistent with literature on civilian mTBI, the current study did not find evidence that combat-related mTBI in and of itself contributes to objective cognitive impairment in the late stage of injury.

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Cognitive Dysfunctions Associated With PTSD: Evidence from World War II Prisoners of War

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Memory deficits, postconcussive complaints, and posttraumatic stress disorder in a volunteer sample of veterans.

Memory deficits, postconcussive complaints, and posttraumatic stress disorder in a volunteer sample of veterans.

A quantitative meta-analysis of neurocognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Neuropsychological Effects of Self-Reported Deployment-Related Mild TBI and Current PTSD in OIF/OEF Veterans

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