Cognitive Enhancing and Antioxidative Potentials of Velvet Beans (Mucuna pruriens) and Horseradish (Moringa oleifera) Seeds Extracts: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Velvet beans and Horseradish seeds are widely consumed as food, and use in folklore for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction although with limited information on their mechanisms of action. This study investigated and compared the effects of aqueous extracts of these seeds on the cholinergic [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)] and monoaminergic [monoamine oxidase (MAO)] enzymes and FeSO4‐induced thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in isolated rat brain homogenate. Results revealed that both extracts inhibited AChE, BChE, MAO and TBARS in a dose‐dependent manner. However, Horseradish seeds extract had higher AChE, BChE and MAO inhibitory abilities with IC50 values of 0.27, 0.18 and 0.14 mg/mL, respectively, relatively to Velvet beans (AChE = 0.39; BChE = 0.39; MAO = 0.29 mg/mL) extract but displayed lower TBARS inhibitory ability. These biological properties of the seeds explain possible mechanisms for their neuroprotective abilities. However, Horseradish seeds showed better promising potentials than Velvet beans seeds. Practical Application Edible seeds are well known for their various health benefits due to their bioactivity. The findings from this study will add valuable preliminary information regarding the potential use of Velvet beans seeds and Horseradish seeds as cheap, natural, alternative and/or complementary sources of antioxidative and neuroprotective agents. The findings will provide scientific evidence on health advantages of these seeds that might result from their consumption; thereby enabling consumers and patients with neurodegeneration to make better choices.

Nutritional content of selected species of tropical eggplant fruit (Solanum spp) diet Attenuates hepatic inflammation in high‐fat fed male Wistar rats induced with streptozotocin

“…High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was determined using the method used by Adefegha et al. (). Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was determined using the method used by Oboh et al.…”

“…Triglyceride concentration was determined according to the method used by Oboh, Bello, and Ademosun (2014). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was determined using the method used by Adefegha et al (2017). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was determined using the method used by Oboh et al (2014).…”

Phaseolus lunatus(lima beans) abates Fe2+‐induced hepatic redox imbalance; inhibits intestinal glucose absorption and major carbohydrate catabolic enzymes; and modulates muscle glucose uptake

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Identification of ovalbumin‐derived peptides as multi‐target inhibitors of AChE, BChE, and BACE1

“…An improved spectrophotometric method was used to determine the in vitro inhibitory activity of AChE and BChE . In 96‐well microplates, each group used three parallels, recorded with microphotometer board points.…”

“…25 In vitro AChE and BChE inhibition assay An improved spectrophotometric method was used to determine the in vitro inhibitory activity of AChE and BChE. 26 In 96-well microplates, each group used three parallels, recorded with microphotometer board points. The reaction mixture contained 140 μL phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), 20 μL solution under test and 20 μL AChE or BChE solution, 15 min reaction under 37°C.…”