Cognitive Factors of Mental Activity Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for research on neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety disorders. In response to limitations and contradictions in the logic of the categorical method of classification of mental disorders, the popularity of the dimensional approach, in which the emphasis shifts to the assessment of the severity of symptoms. The National Institute of Mental Health has developed the promising approach based on the search for systemic neurobiological foundations of mental disorders. Based on the project RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) the search for trans-diagnostic mechanisms of mental disorders has been updated. The logic of RDoC echoes the position of Russian pathopsychology, in which the syndrome of mental activity disorders is considered in dynamics, the mechanisms of the functioning of the psyche are qualified as identical in norm and pathology. In the study of anxiety-related disorders, the obvious commonality of the spectrum of manifestations that acquire nosological clarification against the background of the escalation of the severity of symptoms and secondary compensatory processes has repeatedly been put forward in the center of research attention. The aim of the article is a theoretical and methodological analysis of the neurocognitive basis of the errors monitoring system, characteristic of normal and excessively expressed in anxiety disorders, including ERP component error related negativity (ERN). As a result, it is shown that this neurocogitive marker, experimentally modeled in conflict tasks (e.g., Eriksens flanker task), is expected to be a probable transdiagnostic basis for anxiety-related disorders (social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder). The increase in the amplitude of ERN in internalization, uniting anxiety-depressive symptoms, is explained by individual differences in the readiness to detect error and sensitivity to incorrect decisions. At the moment, the study of ERN retains the tempted of simplified interpretations, the arbitrary establishment of direct causal connections between the neural basis and mental phenomena.

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Error-related negativity: neurocognitive transdiagnostic marker of anxiety disorders

Сагалакова

Truevtsev

Zhirnova

2021

Neurology bulletin

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Features of the clinic and diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents

Khvatkov,

Medvedev

2024

Journal of Family Medicine

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The purpose of the review is to identify the features of the course and diagnosis of obsessive — compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents based on literature data. OCD is a mental illness with a chronic, potentially disabling course. The main symptoms are obsessions (obsessive thoughts, ideas or fears), which contribute to the development of compulsions (forced, often illogical actions or rituals that help reduce anxiety and help the patient calm down). OCD in children and adolescents has a number of differences from the course of the disease in adults. In young children, pathology is rarely diagnosed due to the physiological, neurological and psychoemotional characteristics of a child's growing body on the one hand, and the lack of effective diagnostic tests and alertness in the patient's environment on the other. Adolescent OCD is characterized by a stage-by-stage process, a compulsive-obsessive variant of the course with rapid development of depression and complications up to a suicidal outcome is more often detected.

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Cognitive Factors of Mental Activity Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Error-related negativity: neurocognitive transdiagnostic marker of anxiety disorders

Error-related negativity: neurocognitive transdiagnostic marker of anxiety disorders

Features of the clinic and diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents

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