Cognitive Flexibility and Pro–Environmental Behaviour: A Multimethod Approach

Lange, Florian; Dewitte, Siegfried

doi:10.1002/per.2204

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…The sample demographic characteristics and self-report data are displayed in Table 1. The mean scores of the self-report measures are similar to those reported in previous studies of the general population [16,50,54,55]. The descriptive and inferential statistics of flanker task performance are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Sample Self-report Data and Task Performancesupporting

confidence: 76%

Automatic and Controlled Processing: Implications for Eating Behavior

et al. 2020

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It is a widely held view that humans have control over their food choices and consumption. However, research also suggests that eating behavior is often triggered by contextual cues and guided by automaticities and habits. Interestingly, the dichotomy between automatic and controlled processing has recently been challenged, suggesting that they may be intertwined. In a large female sample (n = 567), we investigated the hypothesis that task-based and self-reported measures of automatic and controlled processing would interact and impact self-reported eating behavior. Results analyzed via structural equation modeling suggest that automatic, but not controlled processing, during a modified flanker task, including a context-specific proportion congruent (CSPC) manipulation, was inversely associated with self-reported self-control. The influence of self-control on unhealthy eating behavior (i.e., uncontrolled and emotional eating, heightened consumption of fat and sugar) was only indirect via habitual behavior, which itself had a strong direct impact. Unhealthy eating was further associated with real-life outcomes (e.g., body mass index (BMI)). Our findings suggest that eating behavior may indeed be guided primarily by automaticities and habits, whereas self-control might facilitate this association. Having self-control over eating might therefore be most effective by avoiding contextual cues eliciting undesired automatic behavior and establishing habits that serve long-term goals.

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Section: Sample Self-report Data and Task Performancesupporting

confidence: 76%

Automatic and Controlled Processing: Implications for Eating Behavior

et al. 2020

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“…The WTD was varied randomly at five levels (10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 25 s and 30 s). These levels were based on prior studies [34,35] finding that these WTDs produce largely non-skewed distributions in overall choice. Waiting times and WTDs for the PEBT trials are displayed in table 1.…”

Section: Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green when seen? No support for an effect of observability on environmental conservation in the laboratory: a registered report

2020

Self Cite

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Understanding how humans navigate the tension between selfish and prosocial behaviour is central to addressing social dilemmas and several environmental issues. Many accounts predict that human prosociality would increase in the presence of observing individuals. Previous studies on this observability effect predominantly relied on artificial observability manipulations and low-cost measures of prosociality. In the present Registered Report, we used a recently validated laboratory procedure of repeated dilemmas to test whether the presence of actual observers affects costly prosocial behaviour in the domain of environmental conservation. When completing this dilemma task, participants repeatedly chose between minimizing the length of the laboratory session and minimising wasted energy from a bank of LED lights. Their choices were made either in private or in the presence of actual observers. Contrary to our expectation, we did not observe higher rates of energy-conserving behaviour when participants' choices were being observed. Manipulation and robustness checks indicate that this lack of a finding is unlikely to be owing to arbitrary methodological choices. In view of these findings, we argue that a more comprehensive analysis of situation- and behaviour-specific consequences might be necessary to predict how particular behaviours are affected by observability.

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“…We thus conceptualized feedback-driven learning on the WCST as occurring at two distinguishable levels in parallel, i.e., as sensorimotor learning at the lower level (i.e., which response to execute) and as cognitive learning at the higher level (i.e., which category to apply). [27,[45][46][47][48]. On Trial t, a stimulus card (one green cross) could be sorted by the color category (inner left key card, response 2), the number category (far left key card, response 1), or the shape category (inner right key card, response 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A subsequently presented negative feedback stimulus (i.e., the visually presented Figure 1. An exemplary trial sequence on the computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) [27,[45][46][47][48]. On Trial t, a stimulus card (one green cross) could be sorted by the color category (inner left key card, response 2), the number category (far left key card, response 1), or the shape category (inner right key card, response 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling for Neuropsychological Assessment of Bradyphrenia in Parkinson’s Disease

Steinke

Lange

Seer

et al. 2020

JCM

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The neural mechanisms of cognitive dysfunctions in neurological diseases remain poorly understood. Here, we conjecture that this unsatisfying state-of-the-art is in part due to the non-specificity of the typical behavioral indicators for cognitive dysfunctions. Our study addresses the topic by advancing the assessment of cognitive dysfunctions through computational modeling. We investigate bradyphrenia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as an exemplary case of cognitive dysfunctions in neurological diseases. Our computational model conceptualizes trial-by-trial behavioral data as resulting from parallel cognitive and sensorimotor reinforcement learning. We assessed PD patients ‘on’ and ‘off’ their dopaminergic medication and matched healthy control (HC) participants on a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. PD patients showed increased retention of learned cognitive information and decreased retention of learned sensorimotor information from previous trials in comparison to HC participants. Systemic dopamine replacement therapy did not remedy these cognitive dysfunctions in PD patients but incurred non-desirable side effects such as decreasing cognitive learning from positive feedback. Our results reveal novel insights into facets of bradyphrenia that are indiscernible by observable behavioral indicators of cognitive dysfunctions. We discuss how computational modeling may contribute to the advancement of future research on brain–behavior relationships and neuropsychological assessment.

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Cognitive Flexibility and Pro–Environmental Behaviour: A Multimethod Approach

Cited by 52 publications

References 110 publications

Automatic and Controlled Processing: Implications for Eating Behavior

Automatic and Controlled Processing: Implications for Eating Behavior

Green when seen? No support for an effect of observability on environmental conservation in the laboratory: a registered report

Computational Modeling for Neuropsychological Assessment of Bradyphrenia in Parkinson’s Disease

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