Cognitive function during exercise under severe hypoxia

Komiyama, Tokutaro; Katayama, Keisho; Sudo, Mizuki; Ishida, Kōji; Higaki, Yasuki; Andò, Sebastiano

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10332-y

Cited by 51 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…At the beginning of each trial, a resting baseline was established during the initial rest period. All NIRS data were then expressed as changes from baseline (Δ) (Komiyama et al., ). The change in oxyhaemoglobin (ΔO 2 Hb), deoxyhaemoglobin (ΔHHb), total haemoglobin (ΔtHb), and tissue saturation index (ΔO 2 Hb/ΔtHb × 100%) from baseline were then calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance is associated with cerebral oxygenation and peripheral oxygen saturation, but not plasma catecholamines, during graded normobaric hypoxia

Williams

Corbett

McMorris

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?What are the mechanisms responsible for the decline in cognitive performance following exposure to acute normobaric hypoxia? What are the main findings and their importance?We found that (1) performance of a complex central executive task (n‐back) was reduced at FnormalIO2 0.12; (2) there was a strong correlation between performance of the n‐back task and reductions in SnormalpO2 and cerebral oxygenation; and (3) plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol and copeptin were not correlated with cognitive performance. Abstract It is well established that hypoxia impairs cognitive function; however, the physiological mechanisms responsible for these effects have received relatively little attention. This study examined the effects of graded reductions in fraction of inspired oxygen (FnormalIO2) on oxygen saturation (SnormalpO2), cerebral oxygenation, cardiorespiratory variables, activity of the sympathoadrenal system (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (cortisol, copeptin), and cognitive performance. Twelve healthy males [mean (SD), age: 22 (4) years, height: 178 (5) cm, mass: 75 (9) kg, FEV1/FVC ratio: 85 (5)%] completed a four‐task battery of cognitive tests to examine inhibition, selective attention (Eriksen flanker), executive function (n‐back) and simple and choice reaction time (Deary–Liewald). Tests were completed before and following 60 min of exposure to FnormalIO2 0.2093, 0.17, 0.145 and 0.12. Following 60 min of exposure, response accuracy in the n‐back task was significantly reduced in FnormalIO2 0.12 compared to baseline [82 (9) vs. 93 (5)%; P < 0.001] and compared to all other conditions at the same time point [FnormalIO2 0.2093: 92 (3)%; FnormalIO2 0.17: 91 (6)%; FnormalIO2 0.145: 85 (10)%; FnormalIO2 12: 82 (9)%; all P < 0.05]. The performance of the other tasks was maintained. Δaccuracy and Δreaction time of the n‐back task was correlated with both ΔSnormalpO2 [r(9) = 0.66, P < 0.001 and r(9) = −0.36, P = 0.037, respectively] and Δcerebral oxygenation [r(7) = 0.55, P < 0.001 and r(7) = −0.38, P = 0.045, respectively]. Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol and copeptin were not significantly elevated in any condition or correlated with any of the tests of cognitive performance. These findings suggest that reductions in peripheral oxygen saturation and cerebral oxygenation, and not increased activity of the sympathoadrenal system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, as previously speculated, are responsible for a decrease in cognitive performance during normobaric hypoxia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance is associated with cerebral oxygenation and peripheral oxygen saturation, but not plasma catecholamines, during graded normobaric hypoxia

Williams

Corbett

McMorris

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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“…Given that acute exercise under hypoxia induces progressive brain desaturation, cognitive improvements may be attenuated as brain desaturation proceeds during exercise under hypoxia. Indeed, cognitive improvements during exercise under hypoxia were attenuated in individuals exhibiting a greater decrease in SpO 2 . Thus, the notion that decreased arterial desaturation is responsible for cognitive impairment appears to be extended to exercising under hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the case of moderate exercise and/or brief exposure to hypoxia, the beneficial effects of acute exercise outweigh the detrimental effects of hypoxia. Indeed, when duration of exposure to hypoxia is relatively short (~105 minutes), cognitive improvements are frequently observed during exercise . In contrast, in the case of severe and/or prolonged exposure to hypoxia, the beneficial effects of acute exercise appear to be negated by the detrimental effects of hypoxia or are unable to override the detrimental effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ando et al indicated that cognitive performance in the Go/No‐Go (GNG) task improved during moderate exercise in moderate hypoxia. In follow‐up studies, Komiyama et al reported cognitive improvement in the GNG and spatial delayed response tasks during moderate exercise in moderate hypoxia and severe hypoxia . Seo and colleagues examined the combined effects of moderate exercise and in severe hypoxia in both male and female participants.…”

Section: Combined Effects Of Acute Exercise and Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One may argue that increased CBF contributes to cognitive improvement induced by acute exercise. However, several studies indicated that increases in middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow mean velocity, measured by transcranial Doppler, are not related to changes in cognitive performance . Although changes in MCA diameter under hypocapnic and hypercapnic conditions might skew these results, it is likely that alterations in CBF are not directly associated with such improvements .…”

Section: Acute Exercise Severity and Duration Of Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The interactive effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance: A narrative review

Andò

Komiyama

Sudo

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Acute moderate intensity exercise has been shown to improve cognitive performance. In contrast, hypoxia is believed to impair cognitive performance. The detrimental effects of hypoxia on cognitive performance are primarily dependent on the severity and duration of exposure. In this review, we describe how acute exercise under hypoxia alters cognitive performance, and propose that the combined effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance are mainly determined by interaction among exercise intensity and duration, the severity of hypoxia, and duration of exposure to hypoxia. We discuss the physiological mechanism(s) of the interaction and suggest that alterations in neurotransmitter function, cerebral blood flow, and possibly cerebral metabolism are the primary candidates that determine cognitive performance when acute exercise is combined with hypoxia. Furthermore, acclimatization appears to counteract impaired cognitive performance during prolonged exposure to hypoxia although the precise physiological mechanism(s) responsible for this amelioration remain to be elucidated. This review has implications for sporting, occupational, and recreational activities at terrestrial high altitude where cognitive performance is essential. Further studies are required to understand physiological mechanisms that determine cognitive performance when acute exercise is performed in hypoxia.

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et al. 2022

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Cognitive function during exercise under severe hypoxia

Cited by 51 publications

References 52 publications

Cognitive performance is associated with cerebral oxygenation and peripheral oxygen saturation, but not plasma catecholamines, during graded normobaric hypoxia

Cognitive performance is associated with cerebral oxygenation and peripheral oxygen saturation, but not plasma catecholamines, during graded normobaric hypoxia

The interactive effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance: A narrative review

Effect of a speed ascent to the top of Europe on cognitive function in elite climbers

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