Cognitive functioning, cognitive reserve, and residential care placement in patients with Alzheimer's and related dementias

Kadlec, Helena; Dujela, Carren; Beattie, B. Lynn; Chappell, Neena L.

doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1226766

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Four studies including a total of 11,495 individuals, including those with disease or preclinical AD, reported on the relationship between reserve and its outcomes in individuals with AD ( Groot et al, 2018 ; Kadlec et al, 2018 ; Negash et al, 2013 ; Soldan et al, 2017 ), with the study by Kadlec et al (2018) enrolling the majority (91%) of individuals. All four studies included a sample of mostly female individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the studies included the measure of intracranial volume as a measure of reserve in addition to education level, while also comparing the effects of reserve in individuals with AD to those who are considered resilient or are in the predementia stage of AD based on pathology ( Groot et al, 2018 ; Negash et al, 2013 ). However, cognitive outcomes were not measured consistently across the studies, with the study by Kadlec and colleagues (2018) assessing global cognition and the others assessing specific cognitive domains of memory, attention, executive functioning, and visuospatial function ( Groot et al, 2018 ; Negash et al, 2013 ; Soldan et al, 2017 ). The study by Soldan et al (2017) included only individuals who presented with preclinical AD, as determined by biomarkers, and reported the longitudinal effects of reserve during disease progression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of individuals in the studies we reviewed had AD, with the study by Kadlec and colleagues (2018) consisting of 10,475 individuals. This study used only education level as a measure of reserve rather than a combination of education level, occupational skill level, and intracranial volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition in Individuals With Central Nervous System Disease

Jammula

Leeper

Gilbert

et al. 2021

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

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Cognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed to account for functional outcome differences in brain pathology and its clinical manifestations. The purpose of our paper is to systematically review the effects of CR on cognitive outcomes in individuals with neurodegenerative and structural CNS diseases. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and PsychInfo using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Seventeen studies met the predetermined inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Education level was the most commonly used measure for CR, and various neuropsychological tests were used to measure cognitive outcomes. Regardless of the CNS disease of the individuals, almost all of the studies reported a positive association between CR and cognitive outcomes when they were evaluated cross-sectionally. However, when evaluated longitudinally, CR had either no effect on, or a negative association with, cognitive outcomes. Based on studies across a broad spectrum of CNS diseases, our findings suggest that CR may serve as a predictor of cognitive outcomes in individuals with CNS diseases. However, studies to date are limited by a lack of imaging analyses and standardized assessment strategies. The ability to use a standardized measure to assess the longitudinal effects of CR may allow for the development of more targeted treatment methods, resulting in improved disease outcomes for individuals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition in Individuals With Central Nervous System Disease

Jammula

Leeper

Gilbert

et al. 2021

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the results about the education level were somehow surprising. Recent studies indicate that cognitive reserve can constitute a protective factor for the appearance of cognitive impairment and dementia (Kadlec, Dujela, Beattie, & Chappell, 2016). In the case of our sample, the participants with dementia had a higher education level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor, Functional, and Cognitive Profiles in Older People with and without Dementia:What Connections?

2017

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Background In typical aging, it is possible to observe a decline in psychomotor domains, such as balance or global and fine motor skills as well as a cognitive and functional decline. Although, it is not clear which psychomotor domains are mostly affected in elderly with dementia and the association with the cognitive and functional level. Objective To identify the correlation between psychomotor, cognitive, and functional skills, and seeking whether there are differences among persons with and without dementia. Design and Methods A total of 120 persons with dementia (ages between 61 and 99 years old; mean age 80.6 ± 7.4) and 377 persons without dementia (ages between 60 and 99 years old; mean age 77.2 ± 8.7) were recruited from nursing homes, day-care centers, and home care. Consenting participants were assessed in psychomotor, cognitive, and functional domains using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive impairment, the Barthel Index (BI), and Lawton Index (LI) to identify basic and instrumental activities of daily living and a Portuguese Version of Éxamen Geronto-Psychomoteur (P-EGP) to evaluate psychomotor skills. Results People with dementia showed a higher percentage of cognitive deficit and higher level of dependency in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Further, findings also showed significant differences in psychomotor domains and total of P-EGP, with exception of Joint Mobilizations of Upper and Lower Limbs. There were moderate to strong correlations between the totals of the scales, and between the totals and domains. Conclusions The population with dementia has higher percentage of cognitive deficit, higher dependency on the performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living and poorer psychomotor performance, except in joint mobilizations. It was also possible to find strong correlations between the total of P-EGP and the total of cognitive and functional scales. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

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“…One aspect that might be responsible for this is that the test is based in daily life activities, such as cooking, taking medication, paying bills and make phone calls and those activities should be well performed by individuals of different age, social and academic level [20][21][22][23]. The decline in instrumental daily life activities is a core factor for dementia diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Funcionalidade e função executiva em idosos saudáveis e portadores de demência na doença de Alzheimer: estudo de validação do Executive Function Performance Test-Br

Neubern¹

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Agradecer na finalização deste trabalho não é tarefa fácil, de certa forma esta é uma caminhada que começou há muito tempo e se formaliza e concretiza neste trabalho. Agradeço portanto a todos que de alguma forma contribuíram para este percurso solitário e que paradoxalmente só se se trilha muito bem acompanhado... Agradeço a alguns nominalmente pela contribuição direta neste trabalho. À minha querida orientadora Tania, pelo incentivo e pelo exemplo de competência e seus ricos ensinamentos durante todo o doutorado. Pela presença não apenas no campo científico como frente às adversidades da vida, foram tantas ... obrigada por sua amizade e apoio. Aos idosos e seus familiares que generosamente aceitaram participar desta pesquisa, que ao longo do tempo a ciência possa fazer cada vez mais por vocês, por nós!!! A toda equipe de avaliadores da pesquisa, que abraçaram a ideia e doaram seu tempo e conhecimento, médicos, psicólogos e terapeutas ocupacionais que tanto se dedicaram e tornaram este trabalho possível. A Professora Noomi Katz pela generosidade e mentoria, bem como suas preciosas considerações ao presente trabalho e contribuições para meu percurso na Terapia Ocupacional. A Professora Caroline Baum pelas valorosas contribuições e generosa autorização de tradução e adaptação do teste. A Janaina Harder colega e companheira para todos os desafios deste protocolo. As colegas pesquisadoras, consultoras, que afetivamente sempre me acolheram Priscila Dib e Juliana Yokomizo. A Maria Inês Falcão por todo apoio, amizade e orientação técnica. Ao estatístico Bernardo Powaga dos Santos. As secretárias do departamento Isabel Ataíde e Eliza Fukushima por todas orientações. Ao serviço de TO do IPq HCFMUSP que tanto me apoiou nestes últimos tempos, pelas trocas e suporte em especial a Alexandra M. de Oliveira. Aos amigos e colegas do Proter que me acolheram, obrigada pelas trocas e incentivo, em especial Professor Cássio Machado Bottino (in memorian). A Alessandra sempre pronta a acolher e se desdobrar em ajudar. Aos colegas da enfermaria de geriatria que foram fonte infinita de trocas e aprofundamento nesta clínica, uma prática que me trouxe valorosas amizades... Aos meus professores dos cursos de especialização, graduação e aprimoramento pelas trocas, inspirações e amizades construídas. Ao Prof. Helio Elkis e Adriana Vizzotto, que desde muito tempo me incentivaram para os primeiros passos neste percurso. Aos membros titulares e suplentes da banca de qualificação e de defesa pelas considerações valorosas para o engrandecimento deste trabalho e aos membros da defesa pelo apoio dedicação e disponibilidade.

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Cognitive functioning, cognitive reserve, and residential care placement in patients with Alzheimer's and related dementias

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition in Individuals With Central Nervous System Disease

Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition in Individuals With Central Nervous System Disease

Psychomotor, Functional, and Cognitive Profiles in Older People with and without Dementia:What Connections?

Funcionalidade e função executiva em idosos saudáveis e portadores de demência na doença de Alzheimer: estudo de validação do Executive Function Performance Test-Br

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