Cognitive Functioning in Callosal Agenesis

Sauerwein, Hannelore C.; Nolin, Pierre; Lassonde, Maryse

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0487-6_23

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The present paper addresses this limitation by utilizing several recombinant inbred lines created from the 129 and BALB/c strains, so that genes responsible for absence of the CC would not likely be spuriously correlated with genes relevant for abnormal behavior.The literature on humans lacking the CC points to mild, language-related deficits in intelligence and rhyming [10,24], and it suggests that deficits are most likely to appear on motor tasks, in which pressure exists to perform at high speed [14,23]. In this paper, we report that CC-related deficits in high-speed wheel running indeed appear when the task is rendered more difficult by removing several rungs from the wheel.…”

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confidence: 54%

Wheel running behavior is impaired by both surgical section and genetic absence of the mouse corpus callosum

Schalomon

Wahłsten

2002

Brain Research Bulletin

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These results are not totally conclusive because the strains in question also show a number of behavioral peculiarities that are unrelated to the effects of an absent CC [2,18,20,26], and it remains possible that effects of absent CC may depend on the strain background, just as CC absence does [22]. The present paper addresses this limitation by utilizing several recombinant inbred lines created from the 129 and BALB/c strains, so that genes responsible for absence of the CC would not likely be spuriously correlated with genes relevant for abnormal behavior.The literature on humans lacking the CC points to mild, language-related deficits in intelligence and rhyming [10,24], and it suggests that deficits are most likely to appear on motor tasks, in which pressure exists to perform at high speed [14,23]. In this paper, we report that CC-related deficits in high-speed wheel running indeed appear when the task is rendered more difficult by removing several rungs from the wheel.The interpretation of behavioral test results from acallosal mice is challenging because usually no compelling reason exists to believe that the behaviors in question rely heavily on interhemispheric communication. It is also possible that as with human CC agenesis [9,11,19,29], developmental plasticity creates or pre-serves alternative

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confidence: 54%

Wheel running behavior is impaired by both surgical section and genetic absence of the mouse corpus callosum

Schalomon

Wahłsten

2002

Brain Research Bulletin

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“…We have previously hypothesized that reduced ability to adequately comprehend complex information will translate into difficulty tracking complicated, rapidly evolving social situations [14]. A number of studies have demonstrated that individuals with ACC have difficulty on tasks involving complex novel problem solving [13,14,[23][24][25][26][67][68][69]. In addition, individuals with ACC have deficits in comprehension of the second-order meanings of language [33][34][35].…”

Section: Cbcl Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and Behavioral Problems of Children with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

Badaruddin

Andrews

Bölte

et al. 2007

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

141

116

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Archival data from a survey of parent observations was used to determine the prevalence of social and behavioral problems in children with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). Parent observations were surveyed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for 61 children with ACC who were selected from the archive based on criteria of motor development suggesting a relatively high general level of functioning. Younger children with ACC (ages 2-5) were rated as primarily having problems with sleep. Older children with ACC (ages 6-11) manifested problems in attention, social function, thought, and somatic complaints. The older children with ACC were also compared to CBCL data from 52 children with autism who were selected from a previous study. Children with ACC were generally less impaired than children with autism on nearly all scales, with significantly less severe problems in the areas of attention, anxiety/depression, social function, and unusual thoughts. A further questionnaire related to diagnostic criteria for autism indicated that some children with ACC had traits that are among those that contribute to the diagnosis of autism within the domains of social interaction and social communication, but fewer who manifest repetitive and restricted behaviors.

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“…Split-brain patients may retain the ability to perform everyday tasks because of hemispheric specialization and also because each hemisphere remains f unctional. Patients with callosal agenesis also show relatively few cognitive deficits (Sauerwein et al, 1994), perhaps because they develop compensatory behavioral strategies to cope with the absence of interhemispheric communication (Springer and Deutsch, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Modification of Short-Term Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Impaired Memory Extinction in Mice with a Congenitally Reduced Hippocampal Commissure

Schimanski¹,

Wahłsten

Nguyen

2002

J. Neurosci.

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The hippocampus is critical for forming new long-term memories, but the contributions of the hippocampal commissure (HC) to memory function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity are unclear. To shed light on this issue, we characterized behavioral memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in two inbred mouse strains. BALB/cWah1 mice display a range of corpus callosal defects and an intact HC, whereas 9XCA/Wah mice exhibit a complete absence of corpus callosum and a greatly reduced HC. No differences between strains were found in long-term potentiation (LTP) within two synaptic pathways in hippocampal slices. However, paired-pulse facilitation was deficient in area CA1 of slices from 9XCA/Wah, and it was rescued by decreasing extracellular [Ca 2ϩ ], suggesting that presynaptic calcium dynamics may be altered in this strain. In addition, contextual fear extinction was impaired in 9XCA/Wah mice, but performance on cued fear extinction and on 24 hr memory tests for cued and contextual fear conditioning were not significantly different between strains. Thus, an intact HC is critical for normal extinction of contextual fear. Intact interhemispheric connectivity is not required for acquisition or expression of cued and contextual fear conditioning. LTP was normal in slices from mice that lacked an intact HC, and this was correlated with normal performance on fear conditioning tests. In contrast, impaired short-term synaptic plasticity was correlated with defective contextual memory extinction in mice lacking an intact HC. Thus, the HC in mice is vital for particular aspects of memory function and for short-term synaptic modification in specific hippocampal circuits. Key words: hippocampal commissure; memory; learning; LTP; fear conditioning; extinction; agenesis; mouse strains; synaptic plasticityThe classic case study of H.M., a patient with surgical transection of the medial temporal lobes, demonstrated that the hippocampus is critical for the formation of new declarative memories (Scoville and Milner, 1957). Studies of human commissurotomy patients indicate that the main interhemispheric communication pathway between hippocampi, the hippocampal commissure (HC), is important for normal memory function. Indeed, patients with a transected HC show greater recognition memory deficits than those with an intact HC (Phelps et al., 1991). Patients with transection of both the corpus callosum (CC) and the HC also showed poor memory performance (Zaidel and Sperry, 1974). These findings indicate that an intact CC and HC are required for normal memory function.In two common inbred mouse strains, BALB/c and 129, agenesis of the CC occurs in Ͻ50% of these mice, whereas the remainder appear to have normal forebrain commissures (see Fig.

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Cognitive Functioning in Callosal Agenesis

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Wheel running behavior is impaired by both surgical section and genetic absence of the mouse corpus callosum

Wheel running behavior is impaired by both surgical section and genetic absence of the mouse corpus callosum

Social and Behavioral Problems of Children with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

Selective Modification of Short-Term Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Impaired Memory Extinction in Mice with a Congenitally Reduced Hippocampal Commissure

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