Cognitive impairment and its neuroimaging correlates in spinocerebellar ataxia 2

Stezin, Albert; Bhardwaj, Sujas; Hegde, Shantala; Jain, Sanjeev; Bharath, Rose Dawn; Saini, Jitender; Pal, Pramod Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.028

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The concept of CCAS is a milestone in the study of cerebellar cognition. In the past two decades, the role of the cerebellum in cognition has been widely verified in patients with different types of cerebellar disorders [3][4][5]. Cerebellar stroke, in which the lesion is confined to the cerebellum and not complicated by cerebral abnormities such as atrophy and hydrocephalus, provides an appropriate clinical model for studying the role of the cerebellum in the cognitive process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Dysfunction following Cerebellar Stroke: Insights Gained from Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Research

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Neural Plasticity

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Although the cerebellum has been consistently noted in the process of cognition, the pathophysiology of this link is still under exploration. Cerebellar stroke, in which the lesions are focal and limited, provides an appropriate clinical model disease for studying the role of the cerebellum in the cognitive process. This review article targeting the cerebellar stroke population (1) describes a cognitive impairment profile, (2) identifies the cerebellar structural alterations linked to cognition, and (3) reveals possible mechanisms of cerebellar cognition using functional neuroimaging. The data indicates the disruption of the cerebro-cerebellar loop in cerebellar stroke and its contribution to cognitive dysfunctions. And the characteristic of cognitive deficits are mild, span a broad spectrum, dominated by executive impairment. The consideration of these findings could contribute to deeper and more sophisticated insights into the cognitive function of the cerebellum and might provide a novel approach to cognitive rehabilitation. The goal of this review is to spread awareness of cognitive impairments in cerebellar disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Dysfunction following Cerebellar Stroke: Insights Gained from Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Research

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Neural Plasticity

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“…However, other studies also show an effect on other brain regions, such as basal ganglia, pallidum, and diencephalon ( Arruda et al, 2020 ). Morphometric MRI has demonstrated typical patterns of atrophy or volume loss in the cerebellum and brainstem with ulterior lesions in some supratentorial areas ( Wan et al, 2020 ; Stezin et al, 2021 ; van der Horn et al, 2022 ; Yap et al, 2022a ). Some specific focal or regional atrophies noted in certain SCAs are present in SCA3, where studies show pontocerebellar atrophy with enlargement of the fourth ventricle ( Bhandari et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we review literature on the anatomy and physiology of the cerebellum, and the neurocognitive functions of three conditions that have been linked to cerebellar function: SCA3, ADHD, and ASD. SCA3 is a neurological disease where cerebellar degeneration is clearly and robustly demonstrated, ADHD and ASD are neuropsychiatric disorders that have been associated with cerebellar abnormalities, but the extent of cerebellar involvement is not as pronounced as in the case of SCA3 ( Riva et al, 2013 ; Wan et al, 2020 ; Duan et al, 2021 ; Stezin et al, 2021 ). We selected these three conditions to highlight the cerebellum’s role in cognition and how cognitive effects vary according to the severity of cerebellar abnormalities, more evident in SCA3 and lighter in ADHD and ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive and cerebellar function in ADHD, autism and spinocerebellar ataxia

Cundari,

Vestberg,

Gustafsson

et al. 2023

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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The cerebellum plays a major role in balance, motor control and sensorimotor integration, but also in cognition, language, and emotional regulation. Several neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as neurological diseases such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are associated with differences in cerebellar function. Morphological abnormalities in different cerebellar subregions produce distinct behavioral symptoms related to the functional disruption of specific cerebro-cerebellar circuits. The specific contribution of the cerebellum to typical development may therefore involve the optimization of the structure and function of cerebro-cerebellar circuits underlying skill acquisition in multiple domains. Here, we review cerebellar structural and functional differences between healthy and patients with ADHD, ASD, and SCA3, and explore how disruption of cerebellar networks affects the neurocognitive functions in these conditions. We discuss how cerebellar computations contribute to performance on cognitive and motor tasks and how cerebellar signals are interfaced with signals from other brain regions during normal and dysfunctional behavior. We conclude that the cerebellum plays a role in many cognitive functions. Still, more clinical studies with the support of neuroimaging are needed to clarify the cerebellum’s role in normal and dysfunctional behavior and cognitive functioning.

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“…30 This indicates that NAc degeneration might induce different psychological symptoms. Cognitive impairment is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms of SCA2, 7 and the relation between NAc atrophy and cognitive impairment has been reported for several neurodegenerative disorders. A previous study showed that the degeneration of NAc was related to the severity of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and a higher risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive impairment is one of its most frequent non‐motor symptoms. One study reported that 71.4% of participants with SCA2 had cognitive dysfunction even though the participants were relatively young 7 . Although cognitive impairment is a typical symptom of SCAs, it remains unclear whether cerebellar or circuitry dysfunction is the source of that impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleus accumbens degeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: a preliminary study

Nakayama,

Nemoto,

Arai

2024

Psychogeriatrics

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BackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) exhibits mainly cerebellar and oculomotor dysfunctions but also, frequently, cognitive impairment and neuropsychological symptoms. The mechanism of the progression of SCA2 remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal structural changes in the brains of SCA2 patients based on atrophy rate.MethodsThe OpenNeuro Dataset ds001378 was used. It comprises the demographic data and two magnetic resonance images each of nine SCA2 patients and 16 healthy controls. All structural images were preprocessed using FreeSurfer software, and each region's bilateral volume was summed. Atrophy rates were calculated based on the concept of symmetrised percent change and compared between SCA2 patients and healthy controls using non‐parametric statistics. As post hoc analysis, correlation analysis was performed between infratentorial volume ratio and the accumbens area atrophy rates in SCA2 patients.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for age, gender, and the time between scans. Statistical analysis indicated a significantly larger atrophy rate of the accumbens area in SCA2 patients than in controls. Additionally, the infratentorial volume ratio and accumbens area atrophy rates showed moderate negative correlation.ConclusionsThis study found that nucleus accumbens (NAc) atrophy was significantly accelerated in SCA2 patients. Anatomically, the NAc is densely connected with infratentorial brain regions, so it is reasonable to posit that degeneration propagates from the cerebellum and brainstem to the NAc and other supratentorial areas. Functionally, the NAc is essential for appropriate behaviour, so NAc degeneration might contribute to neuropsychological symptoms in SCA2 patients.

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Cognitive impairment and its neuroimaging correlates in spinocerebellar ataxia 2

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Cognitive Dysfunction following Cerebellar Stroke: Insights Gained from Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Research

Cognitive Dysfunction following Cerebellar Stroke: Insights Gained from Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Research

Neurocognitive and cerebellar function in ADHD, autism and spinocerebellar ataxia

Nucleus accumbens degeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: a preliminary study

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