Cognitive Impairment and Social Security’s Representative Payee Program

Belbase, Anek; Sanzenbacher, Geoffrey T.; King, Sara Ellen

doi:10.1080/08959420.2018.1444315

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Over the last few years, the aging research has expanded on the relationship between cognition and aging [23]. The emerging theme in this area has been the emphasis on the fluid (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc) which have proven especially insightful regarding developmental changes in intelligence throughout the lifespan [24]. According to the long-standing age differentiation hypothesis [25, 26], the relations between cognitive functions change with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepancy in Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence: An Early Cognitive Marker of Dementia from the LASI-DAD Cohort

Bajpai

Upadhayay

Banerjee

et al. 2022

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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Background: Cognitive aging is a complex phenomenon, which comprises various cognitive skills, broadly categorized into fluid and crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence (gc) tends to be maintained, as opposed to fluid intelligence (gf), which tends to decline rapidly with age. The association of the two with cognitive decline remains a matter of conjecture requiring further research. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the variables of gc and gf from a population data of Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD) study and investigate its relationship with the onset of cognitive impairment using discrepancy analysis against neuropsychological tests. Methods: This analysis of data from LASI-DAD study was carried out on a sample of 3,223 participants. They were assessed on extensive thirteen cognitive tests and one subjective test of cognition. Standardized score was used for discrepancy analysis. Fluid ability minus crystallized ability was used to assess the cognitive impairment. Any statistical significance with the score difference >0.99 SD was defined as a presence of cognitive decline. Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE) and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) were used as gold standard. Results: With increased discrepancy score, each cognitive parameter score declined which was found to be statistically significant. In HMSE (Normal = 25.81 ± 3.39; Impaired = 23.17 ± 3.54; p = <0.001), there was a drop of 2 point scores in identifying cognitive impairment in the population sample as per the gold standard. A similar trend was evident in other neurocognitive domains as well. Conclusion: Crystallized-fluid intelligence discrepancy analysis has a strong potential in predicting the onset of cognitive decline ahead of time, facilitating early intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepancy in Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence: An Early Cognitive Marker of Dementia from the LASI-DAD Cohort

Bajpai

Upadhayay

Banerjee

et al. 2022

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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“…Given that assigning guardianship is a complicated process involving the judicial system, it makes sense that when a representative payee or family member can be present in the home those people are less likely to go the extra step and assign a guardian. 10 Indeed, a similar pattern was observed for the representative payee program itself -having family nearby appeared to serve as a substitute for that program as well (Belbase and Sanzenbacher, 2016). Table 3 extends the more descriptive analysis presented in Table 2 by performing a simple probit regression and reporting the marginal effects of each variable on the probability of having a guardian.…”

Section: Survey Of Income and Program Participationmentioning

confidence: 62%

Guardianship and the Representative Payee Program

Belbase

Sanzenbacher

King³

2017

SSRN Journal

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Research suggests that 0.3 percent of all adults have been appointed a legal guardian.While the requirements for being placed into guardianship can vary from state to state, a lack of decision-making capacity is a precondition. As a result, one would expect Social Security beneficiaries who have a guardian to also have their guardian act as a representative payee. Yet little is known about the relationship between guardianship and the Representative Payee Program. In response to a request from the Social Security Administration, this report uses the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) linked to the Social Security Master Beneficiary File and the Supplemental Security Record to investigate three questions: 1) how many beneficiaries with representative payees have guardians?; 2) how many beneficiaries have their guardian as their payee?; and 3) what are the characteristics of those with both a payee and a guardian. Because the SIPP does not include individuals residing in nursing homes, the project also examines data from the Health and Retirement Study, which does include these individuals.This paper found that:• Guardianship is more common among those in the Representative Payee Program than in the population writ large, with between 5 percent to 11 percent of those with a representative payee also having a guardian, depending on the program and dataset considered.• For those with both a representative payee and a guardian, the guardian serves as the payee the vast majority of the time.• Individuals with a representative payee are more likely to have a guardian if they are older, white, and are not living with their representative payee.The policy implications of this paper are:• While guardianship could lessen the need for representative payees since it provides a protective legal arrangement, few individuals with a representative payee have one.• As more representative payees are needed with the aging of the Baby Boomers, preexisting guardians seem unlikely to fill a large portion of the need.

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“…While the data at our disposal do not allow us to directly check whether individuals with declining cognitive ability are more prone to financial mistakes and exploitation, we can assess whether their wealth trajectories differ depending on whether or not they receive help from their children in dealing with financial matters. Indeed, informal assistance from children, or from family members more generally, may represent an effective way to guard seniors with functional decline against misuse and abuse of their resources, while preserving their financial independence (Belbase and Sanzenbacher, 2016). 14 The HRS contains information about whether respondents receive help with activities of daily living (dressing, walking, bathing, eating, etc.…”

Section: Potential Sources Of Heterogeneity and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive decline and household financial decisions at older ages

Angrisani

Lee

2019

The Journal of the Economics of Ageing

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Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the association between cognition and financial outcomes among older American couples. We first investigate the relationship between couple members' cognitive ability and financial responsibility within the household. Our results suggest that differences in the level of cognitive ability play a major role in determining who is the household financial decision-maker, while changes in cognitive ability of both couple members over time only marginally modify such choice. Next, we study changes in financial wealth following pronounced declines in cognitive test scores of household members. We observe significant reductions in wealth among households whose financial decision-maker experiences such declines. Wealth reductions are less sizeable among those with pension/annuity income and receiving help with finances from their children.

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Cognitive Impairment and Social Security’s Representative Payee Program

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Discrepancy in Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence: An Early Cognitive Marker of Dementia from the LASI-DAD Cohort

Discrepancy in Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence: An Early Cognitive Marker of Dementia from the LASI-DAD Cohort

Guardianship and the Representative Payee Program

Cognitive decline and household financial decisions at older ages

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