Cognitive impairment associated with locomotive syndrome in community-dwelling elderly women in Japan

Abstract

In our worldwide aging society, elderly people should maintain cognitive and physical function to help avoid health problems. Dementia is a major brain disease among elderly people, and is caused by cognitive impairment. The locomotive syndrome (LS) refers to a condition in which people require healthcare services because of problems associated with locomotion. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between cognitive impairment and LS. Study participants were 142 healthy elderly female volunteers living in a rural area in Japan. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A score of ≤26 points on the MMSE was used to indicate categorically defined poor cognitive performance (cognitive impairment). The LS was defined by a score ≥16 points, and non-LS as <16 points, on the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25). Twenty-one participants (14.8%) had an MMSE score ≤26, and 19.0% were found to have LS. Compared with the MMSE >26 group, the ≤26 group was significantly older, had a higher percentage of body fat, and a higher GLFS-25 score. Those with LS were significantly older, had a higher body mass index, a higher percentage of body fat, and a lower MMSE score. Participants in the LS group had higher odds of cognitive impairment than those without LS [odds ratio (OR) =3.08] by logistic regression analysis adjusted for age. Furthermore, participants with GLFS-25 scores ≥6 had higher odds of cognitive impairment than those with a GLFS-25 score <6 by logistic regression analysis adjusted for both age (OR =4.44), and age and percent body fat (OR =4.12). These findings suggest that a strong relationship exists between the early stage of decreased motor function and cognitive impairment.

Assessment of locomotive syndrome among older individuals: a confirmatory factor analysis of the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale

“…Although our results did not theoretically discriminate among the 3 factors completely without cross-loading and residual correlations, it would potentially be able to assist clinical physicians in understanding the concept of LS (pain, movement-related difficulty and psycho-social complication) because these factors fundamentally contribute to the concept of LS and are closely linked with each other. Moreover, previous studies also reported relationships between musculoskeletal pain (Hirano et al, 2014;Iizuka et al, 2015;Imagama et al, 2017;Kimachi et al, 2019), movement-related difficulty or functional decline (Akai et al, 2016;Iwaya et al, 2017;Izawa et al, 2019;Muramoto et al, 2012;Yoshimura et al, 2011), and psycho-social complication (Ikemoto et al, 2016;Nakamura et al, 2017aNakamura et al, , 2017bMaruya et al, 2018) and LS. Thus, it seems reasonable to discriminate among these 3 dimensions when assessing LS during clinical practice.…”

Influence of Medial Longitudinal Arch Deformation on Body Characteristics, Muscle Strength, Locomotive Function in the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A cross-section study

“…Physiological parameters measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Inbody270; Inbody, Tokyo, Japan) with 20 and 1000 kHz frequencies were obtained from the participants' electronic medical records [20]. Participants were instructed to grasp the handles of the analyzer and stand on electrodes in contact with the lower surface of their feet while they were wearing normal indoor clothing without socks or shoes.…”

Associations between depressive symptoms and geriatric syndromes in community-dwelling older adults in Japan: a cross-sectional study

“…We collected data on physiological parameters obtained using bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody270; InBody, Tokyo, Japan) at 20 and 1000 kHz frequencies from participants' electronic medical records [29]. Measurements were recorded within 30 seconds by the staff.…”