Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

O’Carroll, Ronan

doi:10.1192/apt.6.3.161

Cited by 106 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The results show that schizophrenics have, as expected, lower scores for the verbal and non-verbal fluency tasks and for the executive assessment battery (FAB). These results are consistent with previous studies concerning verbal fluency ([9,10,15,42]) or executive functioning ( [43,44]) in schizophrenics. Non-verbal fluency has never been deeply investigated so far in schizophrenics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Language, executive functioning and symptomatology—Is fluency a transversal tool in schizophrenia?

Rinaldi¹,

Lefèbvre²,

Trappeniers³

2013

OJPsych

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Despite a large number of studies on fluency disorders in schizophrenia, it is still not clear whether executive functioning and fluency tasks are empirically linked and how symptomatology could specifically get involved on these influences. We carried out analyses of performances in several verbal fluency tasks, a non-verbal fluency task and an executive test (FAB) in 25 schizophrenics and 25 healthy subjects matched in terms demographic data. Patients also completed the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale in order to control for their clinical profile. Our results suggest that schizophrenic patients show both category and letter fluency deficits with a greater impairment for letter fluency. They also display poorer performances for the non-verbal fluency task. In patients, all the verbal and non-verbal fluencies are significantly correlated with the FAB total score. By contrast, in controls, only letter fluency correlates with the FAB total score, which is congruent with previous literature on the healthy mechanisms of verbal fluency. Besides, factorial analyses show that symptomatology is specifically related to particular indexes of fluency tasks. Taken together, these data lead to support the hypothesis of retrieval rather than semantic difficulties and alargest involvement of executive functioning in schizophrenics during tasks that require a certain degree of efficiency, with performance being influenced by the clinical profile. Yet, the relation between fluency scores and executive functioning has to be more intensively explored and further studies should include semantic memory measures that fit with pathology's constraints and characteristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Language, executive functioning and symptomatology—Is fluency a transversal tool in schizophrenia?

Rinaldi¹,

Lefèbvre²,

Trappeniers³

2013

OJPsych

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“…diffusion tensor imaging; memory; executive functioning; neuropsychology; schizophrenia Deficits in executive functioning and in declarative episodic memory represent two distinct facets of the neuropsychological impairment of schizophrenia (e.g., Aleman, Hijman, de Haan, & Kahn, 1999;Heinrichs, 2005;Heinrichs & Zakzanis, 1998;McKenna, 1991;O'Carroll, 2000;Saykin et al, 1994;Weinberger, Berman, & Zec, 1986). Although typically occurring against a backdrop of generalized cognitive impairment, disease-related deficits in episodic memory for events encoded in time and place can be dissociated from disruptions in executive functions that serve to guide action and thought (Nestor et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological disturbance in schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study.

Nestor¹,

Kubicki²,

Niznikiewicz³

et al. 2008

Neuropsychology

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Patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects underwent both neuropsychological evaluation and magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, during which the cingulum bundle (CB) and the uncinate fasciculus (UF) were defined with fiber tractography and their integrity was quantified. On the basis of prior findings, it was hypothesized that neuropsychological disturbance in schizophrenia may be characterized, in part, by 2 dissociable functional neuroanatomical relationships: (a) executive functioning-CB integrity and (b) episodic memory-UF integrity. In support of the hypothesis, hierarchical regression results indicated that reduced white matter of the CB and the UF differentially and specifically predicted deficits in executive functioning and memory, respectively. Neuropsychological correlates of the CB also extended to lower generalized intelligence, as well as to reduced visual memory that may be related to failures of contextual monitoring of to-be-remembered scenes. Reduced white matter of the CB and the UF may each make distinct contributions to neuropsychological disturbance in schizophrenia.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Paul G. Nestor, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125-3393. paul.nestor@umb.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuropsychology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 December 10. Published in final edited form as:Neuropsychology. & Kahn, 1999;Heinrichs, 2005;Heinrichs & Zakzanis, 1998;McKenna, 1991;O'Carroll, 2000;Saykin et al., 1994;Weinberger, Berman, & Zec, 1986). Although typically occurring against a backdrop of generalized cognitive impairment, disease-related deficits in episodic memory for events encoded in time and place can be dissociated from disruptions in executive functions that serve to guide action and thought (Nestor et al., 2004). These neuropsychological deficits may also each involve different pathophysiology, as twin studies have strongly implicated genetic factors in executive dysfunction, whereas nongenetic influences may preferentially impact memory disturbance (Cannon et al., 2000).As the "primary expression of the schizophrenic brain" (Heinrichs, 2005, p. 229), neuropsychological disturbances of memory and executive functions have increasingly been theorized to reflect sequelae not of focal brain abnormalities but of pathological connectivity among brain regions (Andreasen et al., 1999;McGlashan & Hoffman, 2000;Nestor et al., 1998Nestor et al., , 2004Stephan, Baldeweg, & Friston, 2006;Weinberger, Berman, Suddath, & Torrey, 1992;Winterer, Coppola, Egan, Goldberg, & Weinberger, 2003). Wernicke (1906) first ascribed a central role in the expression of schizophrenia to anatomical abnormalities of association fiber tracts traveling between frontal and temporal lobes. More recently, neuroimaging findings that showed abnormal functional connectivity in schizophrenia have echoed Wernicke's seminal, generative idea of disease-related disruption in the functional integration of ...

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“…Also, the literature suggests a parallel path for both atypical antipsychotics in non-resistant patients and clozapine in resistant ones at improving psychosis and cognition deficits (O'Carroll, 2000;Keefe and Fenton, 2007). It is worth noting that clozapine treatment remains as one of the most effective for schizophrenia and consensus treatment guidelines from a wide range of prominent expert panels specify that (APA, 2004;Goodwin et al, 2009;NICE, 2010), recommending its use after the failure of 2 adequate trials with other antipsychotics, including an atypical one, to get adequate response or in patients with persistent suicidal gestures or ideation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mentalizing Skills Deficits in Schizophrenia as a Clue for Drug Choice: Clozapine Versus Other Antipsychotics on Keeping Outpatients Stable

Duñó¹,

Langohr²,

Palao³

et al. 2012

Mental Illnesses - Understanding, Prediction and Control

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Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Abstract: “My whole mental power has disappeared, I have sunk intellectually below the level of a beast”(a patient with schizophrenia, quoted by Kraepelin, 1919, p. 25).

Cited by 106 publications

References 32 publications

Language, executive functioning and symptomatology—Is fluency a transversal tool in schizophrenia?

Language, executive functioning and symptomatology—Is fluency a transversal tool in schizophrenia?

Neuropsychological disturbance in schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study.

Mentalizing Skills Deficits in Schizophrenia as a Clue for Drug Choice: Clozapine Versus Other Antipsychotics on Keeping Outpatients Stable

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