Cognitive impairment with and without depression history: an analysis of white matter microstructure

Association between lifetime depression history, hippocampal volume and memory in non‐amnestic mild cognitive impairment

“…The HBA clinic is a specialist early-intervention research programme that targets modifiable risk factors of cognitive decline such as vascular risks (e.g., heart disease, hypertension and high cholesterol), lifestyle risks (e.g., sedentary behaviour and cognitive inactivity) and changes in mood and sleep. As described previously (Duffy et al, 2014), all participants underwent psychological, neuropsychological and medical assessment with a research psychologist or geriatric psychiatrist, clinical neuropsychologist and medical specialist (neurologist or geriatrician), respectively.…”

“…All participants met Winblad's criteria (Winblad et al, 2004) for an MCI diagnosis, which requires a decrement of 1.5 standard deviations in one or more cognitive domains relative to the participant's estimated level of premorbid general intellectual functioning (as determined by the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading) (Holdnack, 2001), years of education and occupational functioning in the context of largely preserved daily function. In order to meet the naMCI criteria, the participants exhibited deficits solely in non-memory domains (e.g., speed of processing, attention, visuospatial skills, language, new learning and executive functions) examined using a standardised battery of neuropsychological tests chosen for their sensitivity to deficits in affective disorders, MCI and dementia described in previous work (Duffy et al, 2014). To distinguish naMCI from aMCI patients, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) (Schmidt, 1996) and the logical memory (LM) subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III) (Wechsler, 2009) were used.…”

“…Depressive disorders are the third leading cause of years lost to disability worldwide (Leighton et al, 2018). It is estimated that one-in-five people will be diagnosed with a major depressive episode in their lifetime (Duffy et al, 2014). The implications are significant, as both early- (Barnes et al, 2012;Dal Forno et al, 2005;Geerlings et al, 2008) and lateonset (Barnes et al, 2012;Fuhrer et al, 2003;Geerlings et al, 2000;Irie et al, 2008) depression (onset prior and after the age of 60, respectively) are recognised as modifiable risk factors for dementia, with 2-4 fold increase in disease onset compared to healthy older adults (Barnes et al, 2012;Dal Forno et al, 2005;Geerlings et al, 2008).…”

Diferenças estruturais e funcionais no cérebro de idosos deprimidos e não deprimidos com comprometimento cognitivo leve e suas relações com a doença de Alzheimer: um estudo por ressonância magnética

“…região funcional do córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral 166 e regiões anatômicas do giro frontal superior e medio 167,168 e cíngulo anterior 169 . Em estudos utilizando DTI, alguns tratos como o fascículo uncinado [170][171][172] , o cíngulo anterior 169,173 , e também as fibras que atravessam a parte anterior do corpo caloso 174 apresentaram alterações nas medidas escalares de difusão em indivíduos com DT. As alterações no fascículo uncinado e cíngulo foram associadas com a atrofia no LTM e com os déficits no processamento de memória em paciente com DT 171,172 .…”

“…Em estudos utilizando DTI, alguns tratos como o fascículo uncinado [170][171][172] , o cíngulo anterior 169,173 , e também as fibras que atravessam a parte anterior do corpo caloso 174 apresentaram alterações nas medidas escalares de difusão em indivíduos com DT. As alterações no fascículo uncinado e cíngulo foram associadas com a atrofia no LTM e com os déficits no processamento de memória em paciente com DT 171,172 . Já as alterações nas fibras da parte anterior do corpo caloso e cíngulo anterior foram associadas a deficiência no controle emocional e outras funções executivas 174 .…”