Cognitive–linguistic deficits in euthymic elderly patients with bipolar disorder

Apolipoprotein E genotype is not associated with cognitive impairment in older adults with bipolar disorder

“…Cognitive deficits can also be observed in euthymic subjects with BD, suggesting that at least part of these changes are state-independent, and ultimately evolve to dementia after a longer period (3,12). A meta-analysis including euthymic individuals with BD revealed marked deficits of executive functions, including categorical verbal fluency, mental abstraction and set-shifting, as well as impairments of sustained attention, verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and response inhibition; these changes are suggestive of frontal lobe dysfunction (44).…”

Relationships between corpus callosum and language lateralization in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders

“…The question of whether there is a continuum or a dichotomy among patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and patients with bipolar disorders (BD) has not been clearly resolved and remains a challenge. In this context, the identification of specific brain biomarkers linked to a shared cognitive dysfunction such as language disorders may help to distinguish SZ from BD. The corpus callosum (CC), being the main interhemispheric commissure of white matter (WM), is a good candidate for such a biomarker because of its fundamental role in the development and maintenance of hemispheric lateralization for language, which is known to be reduced in SZ but not in BD …”

“…(B) Callosal volume processing. First, an individual white matter (WM) probability map is generated from the T 1 image for each participant in MNI space(1). The callosal volume for each participant is defined on ten sagittal slices of 1 mm thickness(2).…”

The effect of limited cognitive resources on communication disturbances in serious mental illness

“…First, a broad array of deficits in attention, working memory, concentration and other “on-line” abilities is exhibited in individuals with SMI, and these deficits appear to be similar across SMI boundaries (Mackin and Areán, 2009; Simonsen et al, 2011; Strauss et al, 2015). Second, a number of correlational studies have observed that cognitive deficits are associated with more language impairment in schizophrenia, depression, and mania using behavioral-based procedures/technologies (Becker et al, 2012; Docherty, 2005; Radanovic et al, 2013; Rosenstein et al, 2014). Third, investigators using experimental methods have found cognitive reactivity in speech, defined in terms of increased communication disturbances resulting from experimentally-manipulated cognitive load in healthy participants (Barch and Berenbaum, 1994; Kerns, 2007).…”