Cognitive Load Increases Spoken and Gestural Hesitation Frequency

Betz, Simon; Bryhadyr, Nataliya; Türk, Olcay; Wagner, Petra

doi:10.3390/languages8010071

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The relation between FP frequency and cognitive load is in line with reports of increased FP frequency in contexts with an increased level of abstractness or complexity or in cases of situational uncertainty (Rochester, 1973 ; Betz et al, 2023 ). Higher use of disfluencies like FPs has also been reported in the speech of older speakers, which has been related to increased difficulty in lexical retrieval with increasing age (see Mortensen et al, 2006 for an overview of studies on age related aspects of disfluencies).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This view of FPs is supported by the correlation between cognitive load and FP frequency (Berthold and Jameson, 1999 ; Bortfeld et al, 2001 ; Betz et al, 2023 ). These studies of cognitive load revealed a higher frequency with increased task difficulty either of symptoms of reduced output quality (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In monolingual mode, bilinguals need to inhibit one language choosing the appropriate linguistic structures in communication [see Bialystok ( 2017 ) for an overview of studies and theories on bilingual cognition]. Higher cognitive load can be related to different hesitation phenomena including FPs (Kroll and Gollan, 2014 ; de Jong, 2018 ; Betz et al, 2023 ). At the same time FPs show language-specific forms [e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do you say uh or uhm? A cross-linguistic approach to filler particle use in heritage and majority speakers across three languages

Böttcher,

Zellers

2024

Front. Psychol.

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Filler particles like uhm in English or ähm in German show subtle language-specific differences and their variation in form is related to socio-linguistic variables like gender. The use of fillers in a second language has been shown to differ from monolinguals' filler particle use in both frequency and form in different language contexts. This study investigates the language-specific use of filler particles by bilingual heritage speakers in both their languages, looking at the dominant majority language in the society and their minority heritage language spoken at home. This is done based on heritage Russian and German data and majority German and English data from the RUEG corpus. Language-specific fillers were extracted from the corpus and analyzed for their occurrence and segmental form. The frequency analysis suggests an influence of bilingualism, age group, and formality of the situation on the filler frequency across all languages. The number of filler particles is higher in formal, older, and bilingual speech. The form analysis reveals an effect of language and gender on the type of filler particle. The vocalic-nasal filler particles (e.g., uhm) are more frequently found in German and English and in female speech of these languages. Heritage speakers of Russian in contact with German and English show higher use of vocalic-nasal forms also in their Russian while producing similar gender related patterns to monolingual speakers in both their languages. The higher frequency of filler particles in formal situations, older speakers and in bilingual speech, is discussed related to cognitive load which is assumed to be higher in these contexts while speech style which differs between situations and social groups is also considered as explanation. The higher use of vocalic-nasal filler particles in German and English suggests language specific filler particle preferences also related to the socio-linguistic variable gender in these languages. The results from heritage speakers suggest and influence on filler particle form in their heritage language, while also revealing socio-linguistic usage patterns related to gender which are produced by heritage speakers similarly to monolinguals in their respective language.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do you say uh or uhm? A cross-linguistic approach to filler particle use in heritage and majority speakers across three languages

Böttcher,

Zellers

2024

Front. Psychol.

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Disfluencies as a Window into Pragmatic Skills in Russian-Hebrew Bilingual Autistic and Non-Autistic Children

Beradze,

Meir

2024

J Autism Dev Disord

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There is little research on the production of speech disfluencies such as silent pauses, repetitions, self-corrections, and filled pauses (e.g., eh, em) in monolingual autistic children, and there is no data on this crucial part of speech production in bilingual autistic children. This study aims to address this gap by examining disfluency production in bilingual autistic and non-autistic children across two linguistically distinct languages, HL-Russian (the home language) and SL-Hebrew (the societal language). Fifty-one bilingual Russian-Hebrew-speaking autistic and non-autistic children aged 5–9 (autistic: n = 21; non-autistic: n = 30), matched for age and non-verbal intelligence, participated in picture-based story-generation tasks (LITMUS MAIN, Gagarina et al., ZAS Papers in Linguistics, 63:1–36, 2019). Audio recordings of narrative samples were transcribed, coded, and scored for eleven disfluency types using CLAN tools. The non-autistic group produced higher overall disfluency rate than the autistic group. The autistic group exhibited fewer filled and silent pauses than the non-autistic group in HL-Russian. Furthermore, non-autistic children manifested varied distribution of disfluency types across languages, while autistic children displayed more consistent patterns across languages. In summary, we replicated findings from previous research on monolinguals only partly, as no between-group difference in filled pauses was found in SL-Hebrew. Additionally, bilingual autistic children exhibited language-universal patterns of disfluency production, whereas their non-autistic peers displayed language-specific patterns.

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Effects of experience and directionality on cognitive load in dialogue interpreting

Adler

2024

TCB

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of interpreter experience and interpreting direction on cognitive load of dialogue interpreters. The study was conducted on two groups of interpreters (experienced and inexperienced) during a simulated interpreter-mediated encounter and cognitive load was operationalized with disfluency durations, and disfluency counts. The data suggest that both experience and directionality modulate cognitive load in dialogue interpreters. All participants manifested an increase in cognitive load while interpreting into their weaker language (L2), which suggest that directionality had an effect on cognitive load of dialogue interpreters. The results also suggest that inexperienced interpreters are likely to exhibit higher cognitive load compared to experienced interpreters. The study underscores the significance of experience and directionality in understanding the cognitive demands faced by dialogue interpreters, contributing valuable insights to research on interpreting and cognitive load.

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Cognitive Load Increases Spoken and Gestural Hesitation Frequency

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Do you say uh or uhm? A cross-linguistic approach to filler particle use in heritage and majority speakers across three languages

Do you say uh or uhm? A cross-linguistic approach to filler particle use in heritage and majority speakers across three languages

Disfluencies as a Window into Pragmatic Skills in Russian-Hebrew Bilingual Autistic and Non-Autistic Children

Effects of experience and directionality on cognitive load in dialogue interpreting

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