Cognitive Maps of a Naturalistic Setting

Qualitative differences in memory for vista and environmental spaces are caused by opaque borders, not movement or successive presentation

“…Spatial borders were found to affect updating (Avraamides & Kelly, 2010;Kelly et al, 2007;Wang & Brockmole, 2003a, 2003b, distance estimation (Cohen et al, 1978;Kosslyn et al, 1974;McNamara, 1986;Newcombe & Liben, 1982), reference frame selection (Meilinger et al, 2014;Werner & Schmidt, 1999) and switching costs between spatial units (Brockmole & Wang, 2002, 2003. Also interpretation of the current results clearly supports the theoretical distinction between VS and ES proposed by Montello (1993).…”

“…Many studies have examined spatial learning either in VS (e.g., Kelly & McNamara, 2008;Meilinger & Bülthoff, 2013;Mou & McNamara, 2002;Shelton & McNamara, 2001) or in ES (e.g., Avraamides & Kelly, 2010;Brockmole & Wang, 2002, 2003Cohen, Baldwin, & Sherman, 1978;Kelly et al, 2007;Kosslyn et al, 1974;McNamara, 1986;Meilinger et al, 2014;Newcombe & Liben, 1982;Wang & Brockmole, 2003a, 2003bWerner & Schmidt, 1999). The present experiment aimed at answering the question of how spatial memory is different for VS and ES by comparing memory for exactly the same object layout.…”

How do biases in spatial memory change as children and adults are learning locations?

“…As illustrated here, the relative weighting of memory for individual locations and spatial groups undergoes systematic change as children and adults become more familiar with locations. These changes undoubtedly affect how people learn the locations of objects and buildings in everyday environments such as learning where supplies and toys are located in a preschool classroom and learning the locations of buildings in a metropolitan area (for findings documenting categorical biases in everyday environments, see Cohen, Baldwin, & Sherman, 1978;Kosslyn, Pick, & Fariello, 1974;McNamara, 1986;Newcombe & Liben, 1982).…”

The Influence of Environmental Exploration on Geographic Performance among Adolescents: A Gender and Cross-cultural Analysis

“…Some research by environmental psychologists correlates travel experience and mode of transportation with an adult's ability to produce a cognitive map of an area (Bein, 1988;Brown & Broadway, 1981;Cohen et al, 1978;Murry & Spencer, 1979;Beck & Wood, 1976;Nerlove et al, 1971). All of these studies conclude that the greater the travel experience, the better the production of maps with respect to content and clarity.…”