Cognitive Maps of Three Latin American Policy Makers

Hart, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.2307/2010077

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Many studies have used cognitive mapping to look at decision-making as well as to examine people's perceptions of complex social systems (Axelrod, 1976;Bauer, 1975;Bougon et al, 1977;Brown, 1992;Carley and Palmquist, 1992;Cossette and Audet, 1992;Hart, 1977;Klein and Cooper, 1982;Malone, 1975;Montazemi and Conrath, 1986;Nakamura et al, 1982;Rappaport, 1979;Roberts, 1973).…”

Section: History Of Cognitive Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological models based on people’s knowledge: a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach

Özesmi

2004

Ecological Modelling

743

635

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Many types of ecological or environmental problems would benefit from models based on people's knowledge. To create ecological models with both expert and local people's knowledge, a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach is proposed. A cognitive map can be made of almost any system or problem. Cognitive maps are qualitative models of a system, consisting of variables and the causal relationships between those variables. We describe how our cognitive mapping research has been used in real environmental management applications. This research includes examining the perceptions of different stakeholders in an environmental conflict, obtaining the perceptions of different stakeholders to facilitate the development of participatory environmental management plans, and determining the wants and desires for resettlement of people displaced by a large scale dam project. Based on our research, which involved six separate studies, we have found that interviewees complete their cognitive maps in 40-90 min on average. These maps contain an average of 23 ± 2 S.D. variables with 37 ± 3 S.D. connections. People generally put more forcing functions into their maps than utility variables. Fuzzy cognitive mapping offers many advantages for ecological modeling including the ability to include abstract and aggregate variables in models, the ability to model relationships which are not known with certainty, the ability to model complex relationships which are full of feedback loops, and the ease and speed of obtaining and combining different knowledge sources and of running different policy options.

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Section: History Of Cognitive Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological models based on people’s knowledge: a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach

Özesmi

2004

Ecological Modelling

743

635

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“…Sie bilden graphisch ab, wie in einem konkreten Denkmuster Ziele und Werte, Handlungsoptionen und Kontextbedingungen verknüpft werden (Axelrod 1976a;Hart 1977;Shapiro u. Bonham 1973). Die Grundidee ist, dass Eigenschaften und Veränderungen in der Welt "da draußen" -materielle wie soziale Strukturen, Ereignisse etc.…”

Section: Die Cognitive Map Als Instrument: Methodologische Einführungunclassified

“…Es geht lediglich darum, einen methodologischen Weg aufzuzeigen und kritisch zu diskutieren, der dabei helfen mag, makropolitische Prozessanalysen durch akteurszentrierte Mikroanalysen zu fundieren: die inhaltsanalytische Ableitung und vergleichende Interpretation von cognitive maps. Das Instrument "kognitiver Karten", aus der Psychologie stammend, ist auch in der Politikwissenschaft grundsätzlich seit vielen Jahren etabliert (Axelrod 1976a;Bonham et al 1997;Hart 1977;Shapiro u. Bonham 1973;Shapiro et al 1988). Ihr Potenzial als Teil qualitativer Prozessanalysen wurde jedoch bis dato nicht genauer ausgelotet.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Von Kästen und Pfeilen: Cognitive maps als Instrument der akteurszentrierten Prozessanalyse

Wolff

2009

Z Vgl Polit Wiss

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Zusammenfassung: Process-tracing als Methode der vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft zielt in der Regel darauf, soziopolitische Makroprozesse zu rekonstruieren. Damit ist die Gefahr strukturalistischer bzw. funktionalistischer Kurzschlüsse angelegt, die die Präferenzen und Strategien ihren partikularen Denk-und Handlungslogiken ernst genommen werden. Der Beitrag präsen-tiert mit der cognitive map einen Weg, der dabei hilft, makropolitische Prozessanalysen durch akteurszentrierte Mikroanalysen zu fundieren. Am Beispiel von zwei cognitive maps aus einer Analyse der indigenen Bewegung Ecuadors werden Mehrwert, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieses methodologischen Instruments diskutiert. Schlüsselwörter: Forschungsmethoden · Prozessanalyse · Cognitive Map · EcuadorAbstract: Process-tracing as a method in comparative politics usually aims at reconstructing socio-political macro-processes. This entails the risk of structuralist or functionalist short-circuiting, i.e. the results-driven ascription of actors' preferences and strategies. To avoid this, one must take actors and their particular logics of thought and action seriously. This article presents the cognitive map as a way to ground macro-political process-tracing via actor-centered microanalyses. Two cognitive maps taken from an analysis of the indigenous movement in Ecuador are used to discuss the added value, the possibilities and the limits of this methodological tool.

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“…As shown in Table 1, examples of social science CM applications include political issues (Hart, 1977;Robert, 1976), marketing (Warren, 1995), organizational issues (Kwahk & Kim, 1999;Wright, 2004), knowledge management (Boegl, Adlassnig, Hayashi, Rothenfluh, & Leitich, 2004), and strategic planning (Lee et al, 1998). As shown in Table 2, natural science and engineering CM applications include e-business (Lee, Kim, Chung, & Kwon, 2002;Lee & Kwon, 2006;Lee & Lee, 2003), technical engineering (Ndousse & Okuda, 1996;Styblinski & Meyer, 1991), geographic information system , and intelligent agent (Brahim, 2002;Miao, Goh, Miao, & Yang, 2001;Rai & Kim, 2002) applications.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%