Cognitive mediation in general psychiatric outpatients: A test of the content-specificity hypothesis.

Clark, David A.; Beck, Aaron T.; Brown, Gary

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.6.958

Cited by 130 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A particularly important finding here was that low-activation (rather than activated) negative core affect most predicted the studied negative behaviours. As described earlier, this difference (proposed in Hypothesis 4) is consistent with laboratory results, and it also reflects clinical research findings about diagnosed depression (which includes LAUA as measured here) in comparison with (high-activation) anxiety (Clark, Beck, & Brown, 1989). In respect of associated job content, low-activation negative feelings tend to be linked to a restricted opportunity for personal control, whereas HAUA is found to be more a function of raised demands (Warr, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Four-quadrant investigation of job-related affects and behaviours

Warr

Bindl

Parker

et al. 2013

European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology

194

213

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Emphasizing differences in activation as well as valence, six studies across a range of situations examined relations between types of job-related core affect and 13 self-reported work behaviours. A theory-based measure of affect was developed, and its four-quadrant structure was found to be supported across studies. Also consistent with hypotheses, highactivation pleasant affect was more strongly correlated with positive behaviours than were low-activation pleasant feelings, and those associations tended to be greatest for discretionary behaviours in contrast to routine task proficiency. Additionally as predicted, unpleasant jobrelated affects that had low rather than high activation were more strongly linked to the negative work behaviours examined. Theory and practice would benefit from greater differentiation between affects and between behaviours.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Four-quadrant investigation of job-related affects and behaviours

Warr

Bindl

Parker

et al. 2013

European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology

194

213

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“…The results of our study indicate that ''anxiety about earthquakes'' during pregnancy were significantly associated with postnatal depression among the study participants. Previous studies have demonstrated that the correlation between anxiety and depression is generally high [26], with one study reported a calculated correlation coefficient of 0.5 [27]. This association was also seen in the our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Relationship between the Noto-Peninsula earthquake and maternal postnatal depression and child-rearing

Hibino

Takaki

Kambayashi

et al. 2009

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objective The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between a medium-scale earthquake and maternal depression and child-rearing in a depopulated community in the Noto Peninsula of Japan. Methods Three months after a major earthquake, selfrating questionnaires were distributed to women who were pregnant at the time of the earthquake or who became pregnant immediately thereafter, and who were receiving care at any of four major hospitals in the most devastated area. A total of 155 women who had given birth returned the completed questionnaire for analysis. Maternal postnatal depression among the participants was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results The EPDS score was significantly associated with decreased ''satisfaction with delivery'' (b = -0.28, p = 0.01), increased artificial ''lactation'' (b = 0.31, p = 0.002), and increased ''trouble with infant care'' (b = 0.47, p \ 0.001) in multivariate analysis. It was also significantly associated with increased ''anxiety about earthquakes'' (b = 0.30, p = 0.001), and ''anxiety about earthquakes'' was significantly associated with increased ''fear of the earthquake'' (b = 0.20, p = 0.04). Conclusions Earthquake-related factors such as ''anxiety about earthquakes'' and ''fear of the earthquake'' did not have a direct effect on child-rearing factors; however, they did have a significant relationship with increased EPDS. Based on these results, we conclude that screening strategies for maternal depression in peri-and postnatal women under emergency circumstances are necessary.

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“…For example, beliefs of personal failure, loss, and hopelessness are associated with depression, and thoughts of physical and social threat are associated with anxiety. In support of this, there is evidence that maladaptive thoughts cluster together to reflect themes of threat and personal loss/failure and that these thoughts are closely related to specific emotional states in typically developing adults (Clark, Beck, & Brown, 1989) and children (Schniering & Rapee, 2004a;Schniering & Rapee, 2004b). With regards to anxiety in WS, the assessment of cognitive as well as behavioural aspects of anxiety will provide a more comprehensive examination of anxiety in this population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Beyond Behaviour: Is Social Anxiety Low in Williams Syndrome?

Dodd

Schniering

Porter

2009

J Autism Dev Disord

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Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) exhibit striking social behaviour that may be indicative of abnormally low social anxiety. The present research aimed to determine whether social anxiety is unusually low in WS and to replicate previous findings of increased generalised anxiety in WS using both parent and self report.Fifteen individuals with WS aged 12-28 years completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and the Children's Automatic Thoughts Scale (CATS). Their responses were compared to clinically anxious and community comparison groups matched on mental age. The findings suggest that WS is not associated with unusually low social anxiety but that generalised anxiety symptoms and physical threat thoughts are increased in WS, relative to typically developing children. Williams Syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion of a sequence of genes on chromosome 7. Prevalence is between 1 in 7,500 and 1 in 20,000 (Martin, Snodgrass, & Cohen, 1984;Stromme, Bjornstad, & Ramstad, 2002).The deletion typically results in dysmorphic facial features, short stature and a mild to moderate intellectual imapairment (Bellugi, Lichtenberger, Jones, Lai, & St, 2000;Mervis et al., 2000). Additionally, individuals with WS exhibit outgoing, gregarious social behaviour, as if they have little or no social anxiety (Doyle, Bellugi, Korenberg, & Graham, 2004;Jones et al., 2000). In contrast to this social behaviour, there is emerging evidence that individuals with WS may be at increased risk for Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Specific Phobia (Dykens, 2003; Leyfer, WoodruffBorden, Klein-Tasman, Fricke, & Mervis, 2006). These findings may indicate that the WS deletion specifically increases risk for certain anxiety disorders whilst decreasing risk for Social Phobia. However, it is also possible that individuals with WS do experience social anxiety but that their outgoing social behaviour masks these thoughts and feelings of social anxiety. Due to the limitations of previous research, it is not currently possible to differentiate between these two hypotheses. The present study utilises a multi-method, multi-informant approach to examine the evidence that social anxiety is unusually low in WS.Although a number of early studies reported that WS is associated with increased anxiety (Davies, Udwin, & Howlin, 1998;Einfeld, Tonge, & Florio, 1997;Sarimski, 1997), there has been little examination of specific subtypes of anxiety (e.g. (2006) found evidence of high rates of GAD (12%) and Specific Phobia (54%) in children with WS, relative to rates reported for typically developing children, and also reported that 1.7% of their sample met criteria for Social Phobia. Similar prevalence rates for GAD and Specific Phobia were found by Dodd & Porter (in press) for a sample of children and adults with WS, however, no cases of Social Phobia were found. By comparing these prevalence rates to those reported for typically developing children (for example, Bolton et al., 2006;Costello et al., 1996), it is clear ...

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Cognitive mediation in general psychiatric outpatients: A test of the content-specificity hypothesis.

Cited by 130 publications

References 24 publications

Four-quadrant investigation of job-related affects and behaviours

Four-quadrant investigation of job-related affects and behaviours

Relationship between the Noto-Peninsula earthquake and maternal postnatal depression and child-rearing

Beyond Behaviour: Is Social Anxiety Low in Williams Syndrome?

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