The authors of this article provide the main directions of the theory of clusters competitiveness development from the perspective of resource-and-factor analysis methodology. Special attention is paid to the processes of interaction of cluster members both with each other and with the external environment. The analysis of interaction types between economic entities within the cluster is conducted: direct and indirect, characterized by the presence or absence of direct contacts between cluster members. The processes of competition and cooperation within the cluster in terms of production, exchange and redistribution of available resources and factors are studied. The mechanisms necessary to ensure clusters successful functioning as territorial systems are highlighted. It is proved that any cluster shows its highest efficiency in cases when the participants interacting with each other in the processes of exchange and distribution of resources and conditions demonstrate cooperation, while in the process of production of cluster gross product they demonstrate competition. The main backbone feature of cluster organization management is detected, and it is self-production of business activities within the cluster. Some key integrating resources of cluster formations are defined and examined through the example of Russia's various regions.