Cognitive plasticity in people at risk for dementia: Optimising the testing-the-limits-approach

Schreiber, Michael D.; Schneider, Ronald

doi:10.1080/13607860600735887

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These results are in accordance to Schreiber and Schneider,43 who indicate that plasticity-oriented information given in a pre-test-training-post-test-design is potentially useful for the purposes of early identification of dementia, and to Lindenberg and Reschies,20 who found that mildly demented individuals, with a lower baseline that those “normal” individuals, show similar gains through learning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging

Fernández-Ballesteros¹,

Botella²,

Zamarrón³

et al. 2012

CIA

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The main goal of the present study is to examine to what extent age and cognitive impairment contribute to learning performance (cognitive plasticity, cognitive modifiability, or learning potential). To address this question, participants coming from four studies (Longitudinal Study of Active Aging, age range, 55–75 years, N = 458; Longitudinal Study in the very old [90+], age range, 90–102, N = 188, and Cognitive Plasticity within the Course of Cognitive Impairment, 97 “Normal”, 57 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 98 Alzheimer’s disease [AD] patients) were examined through a measure of verbal learning (developed from Rey). The results show that all age, MCI, and AD groups learned across the five learning trials of that test, but significant differences were found due to age, pathology, and education. The effects of pathology (MCI and AD) can be expressed in a metric of “years of normal decline by age”; specifically, being MCI means suffering an impairment in performance that is equivalent to the decline of a normal individual during 15 years, whereas the impact of AD is equivalent to 22.7 years. Likewise, the improvement associated with about 5 years of education is equivalent to about 1 year less of normal aging. Also, the two pathological groups significantly differed from “normal” groups in the delayed trial of the test. The most dramatic difference is that between the “normal” group and the AD patients, which shows relatively poorer performance for the AD group in the delayed trial than in the first learning trial. The potential role of this unique effect for quick detection purposes of AD is assessed (in the 75–89 years age range, sensitivity and specificity equal 0.813 and 0.917, respectively).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging

Fernández-Ballesteros¹,

Botella²,

Zamarrón³

et al. 2012

CIA

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“…Consistent with research showing that individuals with MCI show learning potential and cognitive plasticity (Akhtar et al 2006; Schreiber and Schneider 2007), these findings indicate that CRTs can effectively change targeted behaviors, knowledge, and beliefs in older adults with MCI, that adults with MCI are teachable, and that additional CRT trials are warranted with this population.…”

Section: Discussion: Summary and Future Directionssupporting

confidence: 80%

Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapies for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Older Adults: Working Toward a Theoretical Model and Evidence-Based Interventions

et al. 2013

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation therapies (CRTs) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our review revealed a need for evidence-based treatments for MCI and a lack of a theoretical rehabilitation model to guide the development and evaluation of these interventions. We have thus proposed a theoretical rehabilitation model of MCI that yields key intervention targets - cognitive compromise, functional compromise, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and modifiable risk and protective factors known to be associated with MCI and dementia. Our model additionally defines specific cognitive rehabilitation approaches that may directly or indirectly target key outcomes - restorative cognitive training, compensatory cognitive training, lifestyle interventions, and psychotherapeutic techniques. Methods Fourteen randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Results Studies markedly varied in terms of intervention approaches and selected outcome measures and were frequently hampered by design limitations. The bulk of the evidence suggested that CRTs can change targeted behaviors in individuals with MCI and that CRTs are associated with improvements in objective cognitive performance, but the pattern of effects on specific cognitive domains was inconsistent across studies. Other important outcomes (i.e., daily functioning, quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptom severity) were infrequently assessed across studies. Few studies evaluated long-term outcomes or the impact of CRTs on conversion rates from MCI to dementia or normal cognition. Conclusions Overall, results from trials are promising but inconclusive. Additional well-designed and adequately powered trials are warranted and required before CRTs for MCI can be considered evidence based.

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“…This could reflect application of learned memory strategies during memory test performance. Alternately, general stimulation provided by the intensive intervention may have facilitated cognitive plasticity, which has been documented in other studies with MCI individuals (Huckans et al, 2013;Schreiber & Schneider, 2007;Simon, Yokomizo, & Bottino, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cognitive Rehabilitation Multi-family Group Intervention for Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Care-Partners

Schmitter‐Edgecombe

Dyck

2014

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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There is increasing need for early, pro-active programs that can delay dementia diagnosis and enhance well-being of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their care-partners (i.e., care-dyads). This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a combined cognitive rehabilitation and multi-family group treatment (CR-MFG) that was designed to facilitate adoption of newly learned cognitive strategies into the care-dyads everyday lives. Analyzed data included 23 care-dyads who participated in CR-MFG treatment and 23 care-dyads in standard care (SC). The 3-month intervention consisted of individual joining sessions, an educational workshop, and 20/twice weekly multifamily memory strategy training and problem-solving sessions. Everyday functioning, memory, and psychological functioning (i.e., quality-of-life, depression, coping) were assessed. The CR-MFG intervention was associated with significant post-test group differences and improved post-test performances by the MCI participants on performance-based measures of everyday functioning and neuropsychological tests of memory. There was also some suggestion that CR-MFG care-partners perceived positive change in the everyday functioning of the MCI participants. In contrast, no post-test group differences were found for either care-dyad member on the self-report psychological measures; care-partners in the treatment group did self-report improved coping behaviors at post-test. These 3-month results are preliminary but suggestive that CR-MFG may produce modest, practical everyday functional benefits for persons with MCI. (JINS, 2014, 20, 897-908)

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Cognitive plasticity in people at risk for dementia: Optimising the testing-the-limits-approach

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging

Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging

Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapies for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Older Adults: Working Toward a Theoretical Model and Evidence-Based Interventions

Cognitive Rehabilitation Multi-family Group Intervention for Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Care-Partners

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