Cognitive Processes and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Older Adults

Calamari, John E.; Janeck, Amy S.; Deer, Teresa M.

doi:10.1016/b978-008043410-0/50021-0

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The results are consistent with those of prior research and case reports (Calamari & Cassiday, 1999;Calamari et al, 2002;Carmin et al, 1999;Carmin & Wiegartz, 2000). However, this case study is distinct from other previous research and case studies examining EX/RP with older adults in that this case study examined a particular type of individual that has yet to be studied.…”

Section: Treatment Implications Of the Casesupporting

confidence: 95%

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Exposure and Response Prevention for the Treatment of Late-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in an 82-Year-Old Man

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Salsman

2010

Clinical Case Studies

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This case study demonstrates an effective course of exposure/response prevention (EX/RP) in an 82-year-old man with late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with no apparent neurobiological changes. The results indicated significant reductions in time spent on rituals, anxiety associated with obsessions, and depression. Treatment gains were maintained and continued to progress through appropriate aftercare. In this case, a graduate student therapist learned and applied EX/RP after engaging in a training process. Results highlight the importance of life stressors in the development of OCD and that EX/RP can be applied to older adults with certain modifications. The results are promising for the implementation of EX/RP in older adults with OCD; however, future randomized controlled trials are needed.

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Section: Treatment Implications Of the Casesupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Nonetheless, EX/RP has mostly been studied in younger adults, and the application of the treatment in older adults has not been well researched (Ayers et al, 2007;Calamari et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and Response Prevention for the Treatment of Late-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in an 82-Year-Old Man

Price

Salsman

2010

Clinical Case Studies

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“…When applied to anxiety stimuli, this may result in maladaptive cognitions such as "I can't seem to remember this acquaintance's name; maybe I'm getting Alzheimer's!" Older adults may be more likely to misinterpret common experiences such as intrusive thoughts, memory errors, or variations in bodily sensations as signs of biological and cognitive decline [32]. The same theme is likely to be present with insomnia, but with content reflecting maladaptive sleep cognitions (eg, "I can't seem to fall asleep; my body seems to be falling apart!").…”

Section: Developmental Influences On Cognitive Mechanisms Of Anxiety mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Specifically, cognitions about cognitive decline [32] and health difficulties [33] should be expected to become more central for older-as opposed to youngeradults. When applied to anxiety stimuli, this may result in maladaptive cognitions such as "I can't seem to remember this acquaintance's name; maybe I'm getting Alzheimer's!"…”

Section: Developmental Influences On Cognitive Mechanisms Of Anxiety mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Sleep and Anxiety in Older Adults

Magee

Carmin

2010

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Anxiety and sleep problems are major barriers to healthy aging and are frequently comorbid conditions in older adults. In the current review, we present recent advances in understanding the extensive overlap among older adults between anxiety and one specific related sleep problem, insomnia. These proposals suggest that anxiety and insomnia may share a common vulnerability to negative emotionality and at times may act as risk factors for each other in older adults. We also highlight developmental shifts in motivation that are likely to impact cognitive-behavioral mechanisms of anxiety and insomnia. Finally, we characterize the current state of treatment for comorbid anxiety and insomnia among older adults and identify future directions for research and clinical practice.

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“…In the present study, we evaluated how developmental stage related changes in cognitive functioning might affect the development of obsessional symptoms in late-life. Calamari, Janeck, and Deer (2002) hypothesized that older adults’ concerns about changes in cognitive functioning and related vigilance about their cognitive abilities might influence reactivity to aspects of cognition including their reactions to common negative intrusive thoughts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does cognitive self-consciousness link older adults' cognitive functioning to obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

Prouvost

Calamari

Woodard

2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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To elucidate how obsessional symptoms might develop or intensify in late-life, we tested a risk model. We posited that cognitive self-consciousness (CSC), a tendency to be aware of and monitor thinking, would increase reactivity to aging-related cognitive changes and mediate the relationship between cognitive functioning and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Older adults (Mage = 76.7 years) completed the Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2), a CSC measure, and an OCD symptom measure up to four times over 18 months. A model that included DRS-2 age and education adjusted total score as the indicator of cognitive functioning fit the data well, and CSC score change mediated the relationship between initial cognitive functioning and changes in OCD symptoms. In tests of a model that included DRS-2 Initiation/Perseveration (I/P) and Conceptualization subscale scores, the model again fit the data well. Conceptualization scores, but not I/P scores, were related to later OCD symptoms, and change in CSC scores again mediated the relationship. Lower scores on initial cognitive functioning measures predicted increases in CSC scores over time, which in turn predicted increases in OCD symptoms over the 18 months of the study. Implications for understanding late-life obsessional problems are discussed.

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Cognitive Processes and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Older Adults

Cited by 17 publications

References 97 publications

Exposure and Response Prevention for the Treatment of Late-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in an 82-Year-Old Man

Exposure and Response Prevention for the Treatment of Late-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in an 82-Year-Old Man

The Relationship Between Sleep and Anxiety in Older Adults

Does cognitive self-consciousness link older adults' cognitive functioning to obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

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