Cognitive Processes and Resting-State Functional Neuroimaging Findings in High Schizotypal Individuals and Schizotypal Personality Disorder Patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Ample research findings indicate that there is altered brain functioning in the schizophrenia spectrum. Nevertheless, functional neuroimaging findings remain ambiguous for healthy individuals expressing high schizotypal traits and patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). The purpose of this systematic review was to identify patterns of task-related and resting-state neural abnormalities across these conditions. MEDLINE-PubMed and PsycINFO were systematically searched and forty-eight studies were selected. Forty studies assessed healthy individuals with high schizotypal traits and eight studies examined SPD patients with functional neuroimaging techniques (fNIRS; fMRI; Resting-state fMRI). Functional alterations in striatal, frontal and temporal regions were found in healthy individuals with high schizotypal traits. Schizotypal personality disorder was associated with default mode network abnormalities but further research is required in order to better conceive its neural correlates. There was also evidence for functional compensatory mechanisms associated with both conditions. To conclude, the findings suggest that brain dysfunctions are evident in individuals who lie along the subclinical part of the spectrum, further supporting the continuum model for schizophrenia susceptibility. Additional research is required in order to delineate the counterbalancing processes implicated in the schizophrenia spectrum, as this approach will provide promising insights for both conversion and protection from conversion into schizophrenia.

Abnormal brain structure in atopic dermatitis: Evidence from Mendelian randomization study

“…24,25 It is believed to play a pivotal role in pain perception and episodic memory retrieval. 26,27 Consequently, the observed structural atrophy and abnormal functional activation may be associated with the cognitive evaluation of itch stimuli and impulse control and/or scratching urges. 28 Note that, we found that AD was potentially related to an increase in CA in the isthmus cingulate.…”

Neuroimaging and Brain-Based Markers Identifying Neurobiological Markers Associated With Criminal Behaviour, Personality Disorders, and Mental Health: A Narrative Review

“…All necessary measures must be taken to eliminate the problem of publication bias and to develop a complete understanding of neurobiological markers. Such initiatives cannot fail to encourage research that makes the field more accurate and representative [ 2 ].…”

“…The complexity of these phenomena has attracted researchers and experts in the study of human behaviour and mental states. This introduction emphasises the significance of understanding the intertwined relationship between neurobiology and behaviour, highlighting its implications for preventive strategies, diagnostic procedures, and intervention measures [ 2 ].…”