Cognitive profile in young Icelandic children with cerebral palsy

Abstract

We describe the cognitive profile in a complete national cohort of children with cerebral palsy (CP). One hundred and twentyseven Icelandic children (67 females, 60 males) with CP, born between 1985 and 2000 and assessed between the ages of 4 and 6 years 6 months (mean age 5y 5mo, SD 6mo), were included in the study. IQ was measured using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and developmental quotient (DQ) was obtained using various developmental scales. Physiological classification of CP in the children was: spasticity, n=104 (82%); dyskinesia, n=14 (11%); ataxia, n=six (4.7%), and unclassified CP, n=3 (2.3%). Spastic diplegia was the most prevalent subtype (35%) followed by hemiplegia and quadriplegia. Forty-five per cent of the group were at Level I of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, 32% were at Levels II and III, and 23% were at Levels IV and V. Sixty per cent of the children had an IQ or DQ >70. Median scores on the WPPSI were Full-scale IQ 84, Verbal IQ (VIQ) 92, and Performance IQ (PIQ) 77. Children with spastic diplegia and quadriplegia had a significantly lower PIQ than VIQ. Of the children who failed to complete the WPPSI, 20% had DQ >85. Thus, cognitive skills can be masked by limitations of movement and motor control in children with CP.

Motor Deficit Severity Mediates Effects of Intellectual Function in Predicting Speech Motor Control in Children with Cerebral Palsy

“…Visual-perception or visual-motor problems will further impair the children's ability to explore their environment, their visual-perception of the environment, their visual-motor skills, and thus their performance in intelligence subtests. Previous studies [29,30] have found that children with CP have lower PIQs than VIQs. These findings suggest that it is important for clinicians to carry out early identification of visual cognitive problems, which will allow prompt intervention.…”

Características de pacientes con parálisis cerebral atendidos en consulta externa de Neuropediatría en un hospital peruano

“…Existen estudios que demuestran que la evaluación cognitiva en niños con PC es posible y se ha identificado que la media del coeficiente intelectual de los niños con PC es más bajo en comparación con la población general (17) . En nuestro estudio, a pesar de que no todos los niños identificados con RM fue derivado a neuropsicología, el 76,9% de los niños referidos sí logró ser evaluado por esta especialidad, probablemente porque uno de los motivos principales para solicitar esta evaluación fue el déficit cognitivo y la consulta neurológica es justamente la necesidad de los padres de evaluar el estado cognitivo del paciente para definir sus opciones de escolaridad.…”

Déficits cognitivos y abordajes terapéuticos en parálisis cerebral infantil [Cognitive deficits and therapeutic approaches in children with cerebral palsy]

“…Algunos estudios han encontrado diferencias en las medidas de inhibición de respuesta (Lemay, Lê y Lamarre, 2012) además de riesgo de déficits en procesos como el lenguaje, percepción visual y memoria (Sigurdardottir et al, 2008). Así mismo estos niños presentan un 2.65% más de riesgo de desarrollar TDAH durante la edad escolar (Bhutta, Cleves, Casey, Cradock y Anand, 2002).…”