Cognitive Radio Transceivers: RF, Spectrum Sensing, and Learning Algorithms Review

Safatly, Lise; Bkassiny, Mario; Al‐Husseini, Mohammed; El‐Hajj, Ali

doi:10.1155/2014/548473

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(251 reference statements)

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“…In this direction, the demand for new antennas with a capability to work in the newly proposed architectures has increased, and reconfigurable antennas represent a potential candidate to fulfill the 5G requirements [8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, the CR applications require using two different antennas: a broadband antenna for spectrum sensing and a tunable narrowband antenna after selecting the operating channel [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuously Frequency-Tunable Horn Filtennas Based on Dual-Post Resonators

Alves

Silva

Boas

et al. 2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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This work reports the concept and development of two mechanically frequency-tunable horn filtennas for microwave and millimeter-waves. Our design approach relies on the integration of a horn antenna with a mechanically tunable filter based on dual-post resonators. The proposed filtennas have been manufactured and experimentally characterized, by means of reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and gain. Measurements demonstrate that both filtennas have a tuning ratio of approximately 1.37 with continuous adjustment. The first prototype operates from 2.56 to 3.50 GHz, whereas in the second one the bandwidth is from 17.4 to 24.0 GHz. In addition, the higher-frequency filtenna has been implemented in a 5.0-meter-reach indoor environment, using a 16-QAM signal at 24 GHz. The best configuration in terms of performance resulted in a root mean square error vector magnitude (EVMRMS) and antenna radiation efficiency of 3.69% and 97.0%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuously Frequency-Tunable Horn Filtennas Based on Dual-Post Resonators

Alves

Silva

Boas

et al. 2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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“…Hence it is more useful as a communicating antenna. Reconfigurability can be achieved by using different types of switches like FET, PIN-Diode and varactor diode, among them PINDiode is being mostly used due to its high switching speed [2], [5]- [7]. A rotatable reconfigurable antenna design has been proposed in [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antenna can be tuned between 5.3 -9.15 GHz in one position and 3.4 -4.85 GHz in the other position. The problem of coupling between two antennas and the suppression is difficult, in using this approach [1], [2]. In [3] an arc shaped slot ground with circular patch antenna controlled by PIN diodes is presented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Various Wireless and Cognitive Radio Applications

T.V.J.¹

2018

IJRASET

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Cognitive radio is an apparent technology for coherent use of the radio spectrum where, the spectrum can be used by the unlicensed users without interference with the licensed users. Reconfigurable antennas provide a potential solution to solve the antenna problems related to the cognitive radio system using the ability to switch frequency, radiation patterns and polarization. In this paper a reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for possible applications in cognitive radio systems is presented. This work provides a methodology to design reconfigurable antennas with PIN diode switch. The reconfigurability is achieved in the frequency ranges from 4.3 GHz to 8.3 GHz respectively. To switch between the frequencies in the cognitive radio, the frequency reconfigurability is done. The PIN diode switch is used to change the dimensions of the patch and to make the antenna to resonate at various frequencies. The proposed antenna is simulated using Ansoft HFSS software. The results show with only two switches 9 different transmitting frequencies are available which are useful to implement cognitive radio applications. Keywords: Cognitive radio, Ansoft HFSS, PIN diode, Reconfigurable antenna, microstrip patch antenna, reflection coefficient. I. INTRODUCTIONThe main goal of cognitive radio system is to determine the spectrum holes using an ultra wide band sensing antenna and to transmit using a narrow band frequency reconfigurable antenna in the identified free channels [4], [8], [9]. The main feature of cognitive radio is to sense the communication environment to maximize the quality of service for the secondary users and to minimize the interference with the primary users. Reconfigurable antennas can be achieved by many techniques that alter the electromagnetic fields with respect to antennas aperture by redistributing the currents by electrical, optical, and mechanical means. Reconfigurable antennas are needed to cover different wireless services over a wide frequency range. So in order to be able to transmit at any frequency a frequency reconfigurable antenna is required for a cognitive radio system. By altering the frequency of operation a cognitive radio is able to communicate efficiently across channel. To meet this requirement a rectangular patch antenna can be used. It has light weight, planar structure, low cost and ease of design. Hence it is more useful as a communicating antenna. Reconfigurability can be achieved by using different types of switches like FET, PIN-Diode and varactor diode, among them PINDiode is being mostly used due to its high switching speed [2], [5]- [7]. A rotatable reconfigurable antenna design has been proposed in [1]. Two different triangular shaped patches that are separated by 8mm are used. Two different positions are identified by which each of triangular shaped patches can be fed one at a time. To go from one position to the other the assembly of two patches has to be rotated by 180 degrees. The antenna can be tuned between 5.3 -9.15 GHz in one position and 3.4 -4.85 GHz ...

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“…Recently, the reconfigurable UWB antennas have been developed for cognitive radio (CR) communications [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In the CR communication systems, unlicensed users (secondary users) can access spectrum bands licensed to primary users at a spectrum underlay mode or spectrum overlay mode, which is illustrated in Figure 1 [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable Antennas for UWB Cognitive Radio Communication Applications

Li¹,

Wang²

2017

Cognitive Radio

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In this chapter, reconfigurable antennas are reviewed for ultra-wideband (UWB) cognitive radio communication applications. The defected microstrip structure (DMS) has been reviewed and integrated into the UWB antennas to form the desired filtering antennas which can filter out unexpected narrowband signal interferences. Then, switches are incorporated into the filtering UWB antennas to construct the cognitive radio UWB (CR-UWB) antenna to make the antenna switch between the UWB antenna and band-notched UWB antenna. In these CR-UWB antennas, the DMSs are to give the desired notches while the switches are used for realizing the switchable characteristics. Several reconfigurable antennas and CR-UWB antennas are created and investigated. The results show that the designed CR-UWB antenna can switch between different modes, making it amazing for UWB, band-notched UWB, and multiband communication system applications.

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Cognitive Radio Transceivers: RF, Spectrum Sensing, and Learning Algorithms Review

Cited by 30 publications

References 123 publications

Continuously Frequency-Tunable Horn Filtennas Based on Dual-Post Resonators

Continuously Frequency-Tunable Horn Filtennas Based on Dual-Post Resonators

A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Various Wireless and Cognitive Radio Applications

Reconfigurable Antennas for UWB Cognitive Radio Communication Applications

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