Cognitive Reappraisal of Negative Emotional Images in Borderline Personality Disorder: Content Analysis, Perceived Effectiveness, and Diagnostic Specificity

Abstract

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) report using cognitive reappraisal less often than healthy individuals despite the long-term benefits of the emotion regulation strategy on emotional stability. Individuals with BPD, mixed anxiety and/or depressive disorders (MAD), and healthy controls (HC) completed an experimental task to investigate the tactics contained in cognitive reappraisal statements vocalized for high and low emotional intensity photographs. Self-reported effectiveness after using cognitive reappraisal to decrease negative emotions was also evaluated. Although BPD and MAD used a similar number of cognitive reappraisal tactics, they perceived themselves as less effective at reducing their negative emotions compared to HC. During cognitive reappraisal, BPD and MAD uttered fewer words versus HC, while BPD uttered fewer words versus MAD. Results suggest that individuals with BPD and MAD are less fluent and perceive themselves as less effective than HC when using cognitive reappraisal to lower negative emotions regardless of stimulus intensity.

Clinical and Neurophysiological Correlates of Emotion and Food Craving Regulation in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

“…It is hardly surprising that dysfunctional emotion regulation is considered to be a key mechanism underpinning numerous psychopathologies [9][10][11][12], among which we can find the whole spectrum of eating disorders [13][14][15]. Several studies suggest that, due to emotion regulation being adopted as a means of regulating negative emotions, difficulties in this area could be involved in the development and maintenance of problematic eating disorder-related behaviours [16,17].…”

Cognitive reappraisal during unpleasant picture processing: Subjective self‐report and peripheral physiology

“…One particularly well‐studied antecedent‐focused strategy is cognitive reappraisal, which refers to the attempts to change the appraisal of an environmental situation in order to modify its emotional impact (Gross, ), thus altering the meaning of an emotional situation or engaging in particular beliefs about the situation (Mauss, Cook, Cheng, & Gross, ). Appraising a situation in a different way has been considered as one of the most effective strategies in decreasing the experience of negative emotions (Daros et al, ; Goldin, Morrison, Jazaieri, Heimberg, & Gross, ; Moser, Hajcak, Bukay, & Simons, ; Ochsner, Bunge, Gross, & Gabrieli, ; Ochsner & Gross, ; Yih, Uusberg, Taxer, & Gross, ). Most of the studies interested in cognitive reappraisal have focused primarily on volitional, effortful, and conscious reappraisal strategies by which one reframes the emotional content of an evocative situation.…”

“…about the situation (Mauss, Cook, Cheng, & Gross, 2007). Appraising a situation in a different way has been considered as one of the most effective strategies in decreasing the experience of negative emotions (Daros et al, 2018;Goldin, Morrison, Jazaieri, Heimberg, & Gross, 2017;Moser, Hajcak, Bukay, & Simons, 2006;Ochsner, Bunge, Gross, & Gabrieli, 2002;Ochsner & Gross, 2005;Yih, Uusberg, Taxer, & Gross, 2018). Most of the studies interested in cognitive reappraisal have focused primarily on volitional, effortful, and conscious reappraisal strategies by which one reframes the emotional content of an evocative situation.…”

فاعلیة برنامج إرشادی سلوکی جدلی فی خفض السلوک الاندفاعی لدى طلاب الجامعة ذوی أعراض اضطراب الشخصیة الحدیة

“…‫ئُ٠‬ ‫ٝ٣ْ٤و‬ ‫اَُِج٢؛‬ ‫ا٩ُؾبػ‬ :٢ٛ ‫أثؼبك‬ ‫فَٔخ‬ ٖٓ ‫٣زٌٕٞ‬ ٚ َّ ‫أٗ‬ ‫ا٫ٗلكبػ٢‬ ‫اَُِٞى‬ ‫ئُ٠‬ ‫اُ٘ظو‬ ٌُٖٔ٣ٝ ‫ا٩٣غبث‬ ‫ٝا٩ُؾبػ‬ ‫اَُِج٤خ،‬ ‫اُؼبٛل٤خ‬ ‫اَُ٤بهبد‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫ثزٜٞه‬ ‫اُزٖوف‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫ثزٜٞه‬ ‫اُزٖوف‬ ‫ئُ٠‬ ‫ٝ٣ْ٤و‬ ‫٢؛‬ ‫ٝٙؼق‬ ‫اُزٖوكبد،‬ ‫ػٞاهت‬ ‫ٓواػبح‬ ‫ػلّ‬ ‫ئُ٠‬ ‫ٝ٣ْ٤و‬ ‫اُزوٝ١؛‬ ‫ٝٙؼق‬ ‫ا٩٣غبث٤خ،‬ ‫اُؼبٛل٤خ‬ ‫اَُ٤بهبد‬ ‫ئُ٠‬ ‫ٝ٣ْ٤و‬ ‫ا٩صبهح؛‬ ‫ػٖ‬ ‫ٝاُجؾش‬ ‫ٝأُِٔخ،‬ ‫اُٖؼجخ‬ ‫أُٜبّ‬ ‫ػِ٠‬ ‫اُزوً٤ي‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫ٕؼٞثخ‬ ‫ئُ٠‬ ‫ٝ٣ْ٤و‬ ‫أُضبثوح؛‬ ‫ٝا٫‬ ‫أُض٤وح‬ ‫أٝ‬ ‫يح‬ ِّ ‫أُؾل‬ ‫ا٧ْٗطخ‬ ‫ٝٓزبثؼخ‬ ‫ا٫ٍزٔزبع‬ ‫روِ٤ل٣خ‬ ‫ٝؿ٤و‬ ‫عل٣لح‬ ‫رغبهة‬ ‫ػِ٠‬ ‫ٗلزبػ‬ (Billieux et al, 2012;Cyders, Littlefield, Coffey, & Karyadi, 2014;D'Orta, et al, 2015, Lynam, 2011Samiefard, Fadardi, Kareshki, & Stacy, 2020;Teese, Willie, Jago, & Gill, 2020 ‫أٝ‬ ‫ٝأُوبٛؼخ‬ ‫اُلٝهإ،‬ ‫اٗزظبه‬ ‫ٕٝؼٞثخ‬ ‫ا٩عبثبد،‬ ٌٔٛ ‫(ٓضَ:‬ ‫اُْ٘بٛ‬ ‫ا٫ٗزجبٙ/كوٛ‬ ‫ٗؤ‬ ‫ٝاٙطواة‬ ‫ػبُ٤خ‬ ‫اؽزٔب٫د‬ ‫ػِ٠‬ ‫ر٘طٞ١‬ ‫اُز٢‬ ‫أُٔزؼخ‬ ‫ا٧ْٗطخ‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫أُلوٛخ‬ ‫أُْبهًخ‬ ‫(ٓضَ:‬ ‫ٝاًُٜٞ‬ ‫اُزطلَ)،‬ ُ ‫(ٓضَ:‬ ‫اُؼٖج٢‬ ‫أُوٙ٢‬ ‫ٝاُْوٙ‬ ‫اُز٘ل٤ن٣خ)،‬ ‫ا٧ػٔبٍ‬ ‫أكاء‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫اُزْٞ٣ِ‬ ‫(ٓضَ:‬ ‫ٝاُؼزٚ‬ ‫ٓإُٔخ)،‬ ‫ؼٞاهت‬ ‫اُطؼبّ)،‬ ‫ًٔ٤خ‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫اُزؾٌْ‬ ‫٣َزط٤غ‬ ٫ ‫أُوء‬ ‫ًبٕ‬ ُٞ ‫ًٔب‬ ‫اُْؼٞه‬ ‫ٝا٫ًزئبة،‬ ‫اُوِن،‬ ‫ئُ٠‬ ‫ثب٩ٙبكخ‬ ‫ٝا٫ٗزؾبه‬ ‫أُقلهاد‬ ‫رؼبٛ٢‬ ‫ٝاٙطواثبد‬ ‫اُِٜغ‬ ‫ٝاٙطواة‬ ‫ثبُناد،‬ ‫ٝا٩ٙواه‬ (Berg, 2016;Calzada, et , 2018; Calderón -Batanero, Rojas, Pilatti & Fernández -Díaz Lozano, al., 2017;Lynam, 2011;Sediyama et al, 2017;Whiteside & Lynam, 2001;Zhang, et al, 2020 Bach & First, 2018;Rolston, 2018;Tomko, Trull, ( Wood & Sher, ,2014 APA, 2013;Bornovalov, et al, 2018;Daros et al, 2020;Michopoulos, et al, 2020;Rolston, 2018) ٖٓ ٍ ‫صبثذ‬ ٍٜٔٗ ‫ئُ٠‬ ‫٣ْ٤و‬ ٚ َّ ‫أٗ‬ ‫ػِ٠‬ ‫اُؾل٣خ‬ ‫اُْقٖ٤خ‬ ‫اٙطواة‬ ‫اُناد،‬ ‫ٕٞهح‬ ‫ٝك٠‬ ‫اُؼ٬هبد،‬ ‫اٍزوواه‬ ‫ػلّ‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫ا٫ٙطواةُ‬ ‫ٝ٣جلأ‬ ‫اَُـ٤بهبد.‬ ‫ٓـٖ‬ ‫ٓز٘ٞػخ‬ ‫ٓغٔٞػخ‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫ٝرظٜو‬ ‫اُٞاٙؾخ،‬ ‫ٝا٫ٗلكبػ٤خ‬ ‫ٝا٫ٗلؼب٫د‬ ‫ٓؾبٝ٫د‬ ‫اُزبُ٤خ:‬ ‫أُظبٛو‬ ٖٓ ‫أًضو‬ ‫أٝ‬ ٍ ‫ثقَٔخ‬ ‫ػِ٤ٚ‬ ‫َُزلٍُّ‬ ٣ ‫ًٔب‬ ‫اُجِٞؽ،‬ ٖٓ ‫ٓجٌوح‬ ‫كزوح‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫اُظٜٞه‬ ‫ٓزق٤َ،‬ ‫أٝ‬ ‫ؽو٤و٢‬ ‫ٛغوإ‬ ‫ُزغ٘ت‬ ‫ٓؾٔٞٓخ‬ ‫اٍزوواه‬ ‫ٝػلّ‬ ‫ا٥فو٣ٖ،‬ ‫ٓغ‬ ‫ٝؽبكح‬ ‫َٓزووح‬ ‫ؿ٤و‬ ‫ٝػ٬هبد‬ ‫ٓزٌوه،‬ ‫اٗزؾبه١‬ ‫ٍِٝٞى‬ ‫أُقلهاد،‬ ‫رؼبٛ٢‬ ‫أٝ‬ ‫اُغٌ٘‬ ‫أٝ‬ ‫ا٩ٗلبم‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫ٝا٫ٗلكبػ٤خ‬ ‫اُناد‬ ‫ٕٞهح‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫ٝاٙؼ‬ ‫اٗلؼبُ٢.‬ ‫اٍزوواه‬ ‫ٝػلّ‬ ‫ٝ٣زٚؼ‬ ‫إٔ‬ ٌٖٔ٣ٝ ‫أُجٌو،‬ ‫اُوّل‬ ‫أٝ‬ ‫أُواٛوخ‬ ‫ٓوؽِخ‬ ‫ك٢‬ ‫ٝ٣زجِٞه‬ ‫اُؾل٣خ...…”