Cognitive Recovery After Stroke: Memory

O’Sullivan, Michael; Li, Xuqian; Galligan, Dana; Pendlebury, Sarah T.

doi:10.1161/strokeaha.122.041497

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…26,27 In addition, clients having a stroke for less than a year memory function could recover through spontaneous rehabilitation during this time. [28][29][30] These factors might affect the change in memory ability and make the testretest reliability good.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of occupational therapy screening tool for clients with stroke

Oanmun,

Dhippayom

2023

JAMS

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Background: The number of new stroke cases in the Thai population increases every year. Occupational therapy has a crucial role in stroke rehabilitation. In Thailand, there is currently no standardized occupational therapy screening tool for gathering clients’ impairments to facilitate further evaluation and intervention. Objectives: To develop an occupational therapy screening tool for clients with stroke and investigate its psychometric properties. Materials and methods: The development of the screening tool was based on a literature review and opinions of registered occupational therapists (OTs) who have had at least five years of experience working with stroke clients. Five experts examined content validity. The Index of Congruence (IOC) was calculated, and the items that showed IOC scores of over 0.5 were incorporated into the target screening tool. Afterward, two types of reliability were measured, including test-retest and inter-rater reliability. Using purposive sampling, 44 participants with chronic stroke were selected to test each type of reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) models 3, 1, and 2, k were used to determine test-retest and inter-rater reliability, respectively. Results: Based on the literature review and 128 OTs’ opinions, the screening tool covers four domains: sensation, voluntary movement control of upper extremity and hand function, perception, and cognition. Content validity IOC scores were between 0.8 and 1.0 for all items. The screening tool had excellent test-retest reliability on all items, except memory. And the ICC between the two raters ranged from 0.91 to 1.00, which showed excellent inter-rater reliability. Conclusion: The occupational therapy screening tool for clients with stroke has proven valid and reliable as a screening tool in clinical settings. Further research is recommended for concurrent, sensitivity, and specificity studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of occupational therapy screening tool for clients with stroke

Oanmun,

Dhippayom

2023

JAMS

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“…O'Sullivan et al 11 review memory disorders after stroke. Memory impairment occurs in approximately half of the patients with a symptomatic stroke.…”

Section: Memory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Deficits After Stroke

Cramer

Richards

Bernhardt

et al. 2023

Stroke

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Cognition is a central feature of human existence and brain function. Cognitive deficits are common after stroke and may strongly impact functional outcome. Recent years have seen substantial advances in our understanding of cognitive functions in the healthy state, and this new body of knowledge promises to open new avenues for understanding and treating poststroke impairments, including cognitive deficits. The 5 reviews in this Focused Update from an international cast of experts provide excellent updates on cognitive syndromes that commonly contribute to poststroke disability: neglect, aphasia, apraxia, loss of executive function, and memory disorders. Cognitive impairment remains a major source of morbidity after stroke; these reviews approach this problem by considering clinical presentations, pathophysiology, measurement tools, and treatment approaches. In doing so, they highlight a number of key questions and critical gaps. A number of issues emerge as common across cognitive domains poststroke and are summarized herein. There is a need for improved methods to measure cognitive impairments, as well as for improved insights into pathophysiology of symptom onset and mechanisms of recovery after stroke, including validated biomarkers. These 5 state of the art summaries are sure to prove useful toward these goals.

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“… 8 Memory impairment is closely associated with the risk of post-stroke dementia which rarely occurs alone and it is an important component of the post-stroke cognitive syndrome. 9 The decrease in stroke-related dementia in recent years may be partly attributed to limited memory loss resulting from improvements in stroke care after stroke onset. 10 Ageing can alter the cholinergic innervations and reduce acetylcholinergic tonus, therefore triggering activation of a couple of signal pathways, which can regulate excitotoxicity, Aβ toxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and disturb brain neurotrophic factors.…”

Section: Aging-induced Cognitive Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRTC1 is a potential target to delay aging-induced cognitive deficit by protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier via inhibiting inflammation

Wang

Sun

et al. 2023

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Aging can cause attenuation in the functioning of multiple organs, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown could promote the occurrence of disorders of the central nervous system during aging. Since inflammation is considered to be an important factor underlying BBB injury during aging, vascular endothelial cell senescence serves as a critical pathological basis for the destruction of BBB integrity. In the current review, we have first introduced the concepts related to aging-induced cognitive deficit and BBB integrity damage. Thereafter, we reviewed the potential relationship between disruption of BBB integrity and cognition deficit and the role of inflammation, vascular endothelial cell senescence, and BBB injury. We have also briefly introduced the function of CREB-regulated transcription co-activator 1 (CRTC1) in cognition and aging-induced CRTC1 changes as well as the critical roles of CRTC1/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in regulating inflammation, endothelial cell senescence, and BBB injury. Finally, the underlying mechanisms have been summarized and we propose that CRTC1 could be a promising target to delay aging-induced cognitive deficit by protecting the integrity of BBB through promoting inhibition of inflammation-mediated endothelial cell senescence.

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Cognitive Recovery After Stroke: Memory

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Development of occupational therapy screening tool for clients with stroke

Development of occupational therapy screening tool for clients with stroke

Cognitive Deficits After Stroke

CRTC1 is a potential target to delay aging-induced cognitive deficit by protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier via inhibiting inflammation

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