Cognitive representation in transitive inference: A comparison of four corvid species

Bond, Alan B.; Wei, Cynthia A.; Kamil, Alan C.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.08.003

Cited by 72 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Because of the consistency with which end anchors are rewarded during operant TI, they appear to serve as reference points for the rest of the premise pairs. In simple associative models in which reward of a chosen stimulus increases but nonreward of that stimulus decreases its value (e.g., Couvillon & Bitterman, 1992), the high associative value associated with the end anchor and the effects of nonreward produces an oscillatory pattern of associative strength that propagates down the length of the list, an effect that is quite conspicuous in both pigeons (von Fersen et al, 1991) and most species of corvids (Bond et al, 2010). However, this pattern of direct representation must be disrupted by training on the linking pair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct and relational representation during transitive list linking in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus).

Wei¹,

Kamil²,

Bond³

2014

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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The authors used the list-linking procedure (Treichler & Van Tilburg, 1996) to explore the processes by which animals assemble cognitive structures from fragmentary and often contradictory data. Pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) were trained to a high level of accuracy on 2 implicit transitive lists, A Ͼ B Ͼ C Ͼ D Ͼ E and 1 Ͼ 2 Ͼ 3 Ͼ 4 Ͼ 5. They were then given linkage training on E Ͼ 1, the single pair that linked the 2 lists into a composite, 10-item hierarchy. Following linkage training, the birds were tested on nonadjacent probe pairs drawn both from within (B-D and 2-4) and between (D-1, E-2, B-2, C-3) each original list. Linkage training resulted in a significant transitory disruption in performance, and the adjustment to the resulting implicit hierarchy was far from instantaneous. Detailed analysis of the course of the disruption and its subsequent recovery provided important insights into the roles of direct and relational encoding in implicit hierarchies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How integration is achieved may best be observed in the context of a change in hierarchy structure where the experimental design goes beyond that of a single short list of premise pairs (Allen, 2006;Bond et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and relational representation during transitive list linking in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus).

Wei¹,

Kamil²,

Bond³

2014

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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“…Pair AC combined colours representing highest value for the two eyes and colour stimuli in BD were equally often rewarded as well as non-rewarded. Choice behaviour in normal animals makes it likely that transitively correct decisions rely on mechanisms that detect an ordered hierarchy after combination of hemispheric-specific knowledge 24,27 . This ability goes beyond the integration of mnemonic material in commissurectomized monkeys 28 or voluntary attention, in split-brain patients 29 , although pigeons lack a corpus callosum-like forebrain commissure, too.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of asymmetrical light input on cerebral hemispheric specialization and interhemispheric cooperation

Manns

Römling

2012

Nat Commun

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Hemispheric specialization potentially provides evolutionary advantages by enhancing cognitive capacities. However, separation of function might be advantageous only with the presence of commissural systems allowing for efficient information exchange and cooperation between the hemispheres. Here we investigate hemispheric cooperation in pigeons as they possess an asymmetrically organized visual system that develops in response to biased ontogenetic light stimulation. This allows comparison of the integration capacities of lateralized (light-incubated) and non-lateralized (dark-incubated) animals. We show that pigeons integrate information learnt separately with each hemisphere when confronted with a transitive reasoning task that they cannot solve with the knowledge of one hemisphere alone. Impairments in dark-incubated birds demonstrate that this ability depends on asymmetrical embryonic light stimulation. our study provides for the first time direct evidence that lateralized environmental experience not only induces hemispheric specialization, but also affects the efficiency of interhemispheric crosstalk. Environmental factors can influence the tight interplay between the hemispheres, which in turn determines cognitive abilities.

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“…(raven, jackdaw, rook, Jungle crow ( Corvus macrochynchos ); Pigeon ( Columba livia )[6, 179, 182, 186]BPGreylag goose[187]Keeping track and deducing unknown relationships (transitive inference)MARhesus macaque; Black lemur ( Eulemur macaco) , Common brown lemur ( E. fulvus ); House mouse[304–306]MPHorse[185]BAvarious Corvid specs. (Pinyon jay ( Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus ), Clark’s nutcracker ( Nucifraga columbiana ), Azure-winged magpie ( Cyanopica cyanus ), Western scrub jay ( Aphelocoma californica )); Pigeon[193, 307–309]BPChicken, Greylag goose[310–312]3 rd party recognitionMAPrimates – Review; Chimpanzee; Spotted hyena; Meerkat: domestic Dog ( Canis lupus familiaris )[140, 258, 259, 273, 313–315]MPFallow deer; Przewalski horse ( Equus ferus przewalskii )[316, 317]BAvarious Corvid specs. (raven, rook)[112, 278]BPGreylag goose[261, 318]Social learningMAMeerkat[59, 202, 319]MPAfrican elephant; Thornicoft’s giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti ); various Cetaceans – Review; Domestic pig[196–198, 320, 321]BAvarious species – Review; Pigeon; King penguin ( Aptenodytes patagonicus )[199–…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of the altricial – precocial spectrum for social complexity in mammals and birds – a review

et al. 2017

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Various types of long-term stable relationships that individuals uphold, including cooperation and competition between group members, define social complexity in vertebrates. Numerous life history, physiological and cognitive traits have been shown to affect, or to be affected by, such social relationships. As such, differences in developmental modes, i.e. the ‘altricial-precocial’ spectrum, may play an important role in understanding the interspecific variation in occurrence of social interactions, but to what extent this is the case is unclear because the role of the developmental mode has not been studied directly in across-species studies of sociality. In other words, although there are studies on the effects of developmental mode on brain size, on the effects of brain size on cognition, and on the effects of cognition on social complexity, there are no studies directly investigating the link between developmental mode and social complexity. This is surprising because developmental differences play a significant role in the evolution of, for example, brain size, which is in turn considered an essential building block with respect to social complexity. Here, we compiled an overview of studies on various aspects of the complexity of social systems in altricial and precocial mammals and birds. Although systematic studies are scarce and do not allow for a quantitative comparison, we show that several forms of social relationships and cognitive abilities occur in species along the entire developmental spectrum. Based on the existing evidence it seems that differences in developmental modes play a minor role in whether or not individuals or species are able to meet the cognitive capabilities and requirements for maintaining complex social relationships. Given the scarcity of comparative studies and potential subtle differences, however, we suggest that future studies should consider developmental differences to determine whether our finding is general or whether some of the vast variation in social complexity across species can be explained by developmental mode. This would allow a more detailed assessment of the relative importance of developmental mode in the evolution of vertebrate social systems.

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Cognitive representation in transitive inference: A comparison of four corvid species

Cited by 72 publications

References 71 publications

Direct and relational representation during transitive list linking in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus).

Direct and relational representation during transitive list linking in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus).

The impact of asymmetrical light input on cerebral hemispheric specialization and interhemispheric cooperation

The importance of the altricial – precocial spectrum for social complexity in mammals and birds – a review

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