Cognitive reserve☆

Stern, Yaakov

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004

Cited by 2,568 publications

(2,512 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…A considerable number of older people demonstrate far better cognitive performance than their level of brain pathology predicts, which has been explained by the cognitive reserve hypothesis (Stern 2002(Stern , 2003(Stern , 2009). This hypothesis specifies that cognitive functions are preserved due to two different processes (Steffener and Stern 2012).…”

Section: Ageing Lifestyle and Cognitive Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Meditation and Cognitive Ageing: the Role of Mindfulness Meditation in Building Cognitive Reserve

Malinowski

Shalamanova

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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Mindfulness-related meditation practices engage various cognitive skills including the ability to focus and sustain attention, which in itself requires several interacting attentional subfunctions. There is increasing behavioural and neuroscientific evidence that mindfulness meditation improves these functions and associated neural processes. More so than other cognitive training programmes, the effects of meditation appear to generalise to other cognitive tasks, thus demonstrating far transfer effects. As these attentional functions have been linked to age-related cognitive decline, there is growing interest in the question whether meditation can slowdown or even prevent such decline. The cognitive reserve hypothesis builds on evidence that various lifestyle factors can lead to better cognitive performance in older age than would be predicted by the existing degree of brain pathology. We argue that mindfulness meditation, as a combination of brain network and brain state training, may increase cognitive reserve capacity and may mitigate age-related declines in cognitive functions. We consider available direct and indirect evidence from the perspective of cognitive reserve theory. The limited available evidence suggests that MM may enhance cognitive reserve capacity directly through the repeated activation of attentional functions and of the multiple demand system and indirectly through the improvement of physiological mechanisms associated with stress and immune function. The article concludes with outlining research strategies for addressing underlying empirical questions in more substantial ways.

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Section: Ageing Lifestyle and Cognitive Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Meditation and Cognitive Ageing: the Role of Mindfulness Meditation in Building Cognitive Reserve

Malinowski

Shalamanova

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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“…Although the above studies did not examine gait, the findings are consistent with the possibility of changes in the neural networks underlying control of gross motor skills such as gait, and perhaps also in the recruitment of compensatory processes (or cognitive strategy use), which might themselves depend on the individual's cognitive reserve (Stern 2009). The challenge remains about how to capture these gait disorders despite compensatory capabilities?…”

Section: Prodromal Phase Of Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 53%

Loss of gait control assessed by cognitive-motor dual-tasks: pros and cons in detecting people at risk of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

Belghali¹,

Chastan²,

Cignetti³

et al. 2017

GeroScience

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Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are age-related progressive neurodegenerative diseases of increasing prevalence worldwide. In the absence of curative therapy, current research is interested in prevention, by identifying subtle signs of earlystage neurodegeneration. Today, the field of behavioral neuroscience has emerged as one of the most promising areas of research on this topic. Recently, it has been shown that the exacerbation of gait disorders under dual-task conditions (i.e., simultaneous performance of cognitive and motor tasks) could be a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The cognitive-motor dual-task paradigm during walking allows to assess whether (i) executive attention is abnormally impaired in prodromal Alzheimer's disease or (ii) compensation strategies are used in order to preserve gait function when the basal ganglia system is altered in prodromal Parkinson's disease. This review aims at (i) identifying patterns of dual-taskrelated gait changes that are specific to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively, (ii) demonstrating that these changes could potentially be used as prediagnostic markers for disease onset, (iii) reviewing pros and cons of existing dual-task studies, and (iv) proposing future directions for clinical research.

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“…Stern (2009)), and years of education as a proxy of cognitive reserve (Liu et al, 2013;Stern, 2009). …”

Section: -Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘O’ blood type is associated with larger grey-matter volumes in the cerebellum

Marco

Venneri

2015

Brain Research Bulletin

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Cognitive reserve☆

Cited by 2,568 publications

References 61 publications

Meditation and Cognitive Ageing: the Role of Mindfulness Meditation in Building Cognitive Reserve

Meditation and Cognitive Ageing: the Role of Mindfulness Meditation in Building Cognitive Reserve

Loss of gait control assessed by cognitive-motor dual-tasks: pros and cons in detecting people at risk of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

‘O’ blood type is associated with larger grey-matter volumes in the cerebellum

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