Cognitive reserve and coping strategies predict the level of perceived stress during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Panico, Francesco; Luciano, Sharon Mara; Sagliano, Laura; Santangelo, Gabriella; Trojano, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111703

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In our study, there was no statistically significant difference between HC and patients with MDD, GAD, and PD in terms of coping strategies regarding religion and spirituality. Unlike our results, the positive effect of religion and spirituality was shown in the study conducted by Walsh (2020) in the early period of the pandemic, [ 37 ] while the opposite was found in a study conducted by Panico et al (2022) [ 38 ] in the late period of the pandemic. Different results found in different studies may indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been going on for more than 2 years, has become chronic, and the effect of religion and spirituality may change when faced with a chronic situation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Coronavirus Anxiety Levels and Coping Strategies of Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder Patients During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Çelik¹

2022

Sisli Etfal

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Objectives: This study aims to compare patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and panic disorder (PD), whom we have frequently seen in our hospital practice during the pandemic, with healthy controls (HC) in terms of coronavirus anxiety levels and coping strategies. Methods: In this study, the Sociodemographic Data Form, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) scale were applied to the participants. 30 MDD patients, 32 GAD patients, 31 PD patients and 38 HCs, totaling 131 participants, constituted the sample of the study. Results: Evaluation of the CAS scores of the participants revealed that HC scored 3.306 (p=0.002) points lower than GAD patients and 3.014 (p=0.005) points lower than PD patients, while HC and major depression patients were not statistically different in terms of CAS scores (p=0.880). In the comparison of coping strategies, HC scored 3.151 (p<0.001) points higher than MDD patients and 2.059 (p=0.004) points higher than GAD patients in terms of “active coping.” In terms of “planning,” HC scored 2.726 (p<0.001) points higher than MDD patients, 2.589 (p=0.001) points higher than GAD patients, and 2.171 (p=0.006) points higher than PD patients. Conclusion: This study found higher coronavirus anxiety levels in GAD and PD patients but no difference in MDD patients compared to HC during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may indicate that MDD patients can COPE better with coronavirus anxiety. Determining the coping strategies that individuals use to COPE with coronavirus anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic may help mental health professionals to control disease-related stressors and contribute to the treatment process.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Coronavirus Anxiety Levels and Coping Strategies of Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder Patients During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Çelik¹

2022

Sisli Etfal

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“…To complicate the relationship between stress and cognition further, the deleterious effects of psychosocial stress on cognition may be mitigated by certain protective factors. These include high resiliency; individuals with a strong belief in their own abilities, also known as self-efficacy; and those with a strong cognitive reserve ( 236 , 237 ). The latter refers to the brain’s ability to make use of alternative networks in order to sustain baseline functioning following impairment or changes ( 238 , 239 ).…”

Section: Exploring the Relationships Between Stress Cortisol And Cogn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the relationships between physiological and psychosocial stress, cortisol and cognition

et al. 2023

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Stress is viewed as a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis, the management of which involves the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. These systems work independently and interactively as part of the stress response. The scientific stress literature, which spans both animal and human studies, contains heterogeneous findings about the effects of stress on the brain and the body. This review seeks to summarise and integrate literature on the relationships between these systems, examining particularly the roles of physiological and psychosocial stress, the stress hormone cortisol, as controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the effects of stress on cognitive functioning. Health conditions related to impaired HPA axis functioning and their associated neuropsychiatric symptoms will also be considered. Lastly, this review will provide suggestions of clinical applicability for endocrinologists who are uniquely placed to measure outcomes related to endocrine, nervous and immune system functioning and identify areas of intervention.

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“…Some studies have indeed already shown in other countries that cognitive reserve appears to be a protective factor following COVID-19 infection, both in terms of risk of cognitive performance impairment [38] and the perception of psychological distress [39][40][41][42]. Starting from the evidence and theoretical background discussed above, and to deepen this line of study, we wanted to focus on how much CR can be also a precursor and a protective factor in nonelderly populations [43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of COVID-19 on Middle-Aged Adults’ Mental Health: A Mixed-Method Case–Control Study on the Moderating Effect of Cognitive Reserve

Colombo,

Fusi,

Christopher

2024

Healthcare

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The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the vulnerability of adults to mental health effects, and the study of protective factors has become crucial. Cognitive reserve (CR) is a well-known protective factor against cognitive decline and several health factors; however, its protective effect on mental health during the pandemic has been rarely addressed. Thus, this study explored, through a mixed-method design, the effect of CR on perceived distress and PTSD-like symptoms in middle-aged participants who have survived severe COVID-19 and a matched control group. A total of 432 participants filled out self-report measures of CR, PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and were also asked to provide narration about their COVID-19-related experience. COVID-19 significantly affected the chances of reporting different mental health symptoms; levels of CR played a protective role in reducing their severity. Moreover, adults with higher CR seemed to be more realistic, focusing less on positive emotions, and elaborating more on the sense of anxiety when describing their experience: this might be an indication of a lower use of suppression to regulate emotions. Practical implications of these findings and future directions have been also discussed.

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Cognitive reserve and coping strategies predict the level of perceived stress during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Evaluation of Coronavirus Anxiety Levels and Coping Strategies of Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder Patients During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Evaluation of Coronavirus Anxiety Levels and Coping Strategies of Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder Patients During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Understanding the relationships between physiological and psychosocial stress, cortisol and cognition

The Effect of COVID-19 on Middle-Aged Adults’ Mental Health: A Mixed-Method Case–Control Study on the Moderating Effect of Cognitive Reserve

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