Cognitive Reserve as a Protective Factor of Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults Affected by Chronic Pain

Delgado‐Gallén, Selma; Soler, MD; Albu, Sergiu; Pachón-García, Catherine; Alviarez‐Schulze, Vanessa; Solana-Sánchéz, Javier; Bartrés‐Faz, David; Tormos, J.; Pascual‐Leone, Álvaro; Cattaneo, Gabriele

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.752623

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…RNT has been associated with lower subjective cognitive functioning and higher memory complaints among healthy older adults ( Schlosser et al, 2020 ), and hence the 12-item PROMIS Cognitive Abilities and Cognitive Concerns Scales was administered to measure subjective perceptions of memory function, attention and planning ( Fieo et al, 2016 ), as explained elsewhere ( Delgado-Gallén et al, 2021 ). The 5-point Likert scale was reversed so that higher scores meant greater cognitive complaints.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between repetitive negative thinking and resting-state network segregation among healthy middle-aged adults

Solé‐Padullés

Cattaneo

Marchant

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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BackgroundRepetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) includes negative thoughts about the future and past, and is a risk factor for depression and anxiety. Prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices have been linked to RNT but several regions within large-scale networks are also involved, the efficiency of which depends on their ability to remain segregated.MethodsAssociations between RNT and system segregation (SyS) of the Anterior Salience Network (ASN), Default Mode Network (DMN) and Executive Control Network (ECN) were explored in healthy middle-aged adults (N = 341), after undergoing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Regression analyses were conducted with RNT as outcome variable. Explanatory variables were: SyS, depression, emotional stability, cognitive complaints, age and sex.ResultsAnalyses indicated that RNT was associated with depression, emotional stability, cognitive complaints, age and segregation of the left ECN (LECN) and ASN. Further, the ventral DMN (vDMN) presented higher connectivity with the ASN and decreased connectivity with the LECN, as a function of RNT.ConclusionHigher levels of perseverative thinking were related to increased segregation of the LECN and decreased segregation of the ASN. The dissociative connectivity of these networks with the vDMN may partially account for poorer cognitive control and increased self-referential processes characteristic of RNT.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between repetitive negative thinking and resting-state network segregation among healthy middle-aged adults

Solé‐Padullés

Cattaneo

Marchant

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…A comprehensive model for understanding migraine pain should include not only the extensively studied risk factors and brain injuries or disruptions, but also the protective factors (18). In this perspective, Cognitive Reserve (CR) could potentially play a crucial role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, studies on chronic pain syndromes have shown a negative correlation between pain perception, anxiety, and other mental factors with CR (22,23), lending further support to the literature suggesting an integrated emotional-cognitive processing. In particular, a study conducted by Delgado and colleagues found that CR played a moderating role in the relationship between pain intensity and mental health (18), suggesting that CR may be a useful tool with a great potential in advancing the assessment and treatment of chronic pain. Indeed, the efficiency of brain networks is greater in individuals with high CR, and may act as a compensatory mechanism while coping with the disease (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive reserve and well-being in migraine patients: a multidimensional approach to migraine assessment in an Italian tertiary headache center

Paparella,

Abbatantuono,

Clemente

et al. 2024

Confinia Cephalal

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Background: Migraine is a painful neurological condition affecting emotional, cognitive, and daily life functioning. Cognitive reserve (CR) is a protective factor against neurological damage and deterioration, but its proxies have been under-investigated in migraine. The present crosssectional study aims to investigate the relationship between CR and several self-reported health measures in migraine; and how these health measures differ between CR grades. Methods: Data were collected from an Italian tertiary center between 2022 and 2023. One hundred and eighty eligible outpatients aged from 18 to 75 years were administered a protocol consisting of: the Migraine Disability Assessment; Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); Numeric Rating Scale; Short Form-36; Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). In addition, years of illness, frequency and intensity of migraine attacks, and Cognitive Reserve Index as a gradable measure of CR, were also collected. Spearman correlation and ANOVAs were performed, setting p significance at <0.05. Results: A negative correlation between perceived pain intensity, attacks, and socio-behavioral proxies of CR emerged. Higher CR was also associated with fewer headache attacks (rs=-0.176; p=0.019). Lower intensity was found to be specifically related to leisure time (rs=-0.084; p=0.049). ANOVAs highlighted differences across graded CR levels in headache-related indices, including psychological and functional status (BPI-interference: F=4.302; p=0.026; SDS: F=3.887; p=0.033; enjoyment of life: F=3.672; p=0.043), also post-hoc confirmed. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest a link between CR levels and headache-related measures, emphasizing the importance of life-long coping strategies and healthy habits to decrease pain perception. In particular, individuals with low CR reporting higher levels of pain may benefit from integrated assessment and tailored treatment options to experience. Further studies may delve into the CR threshold hypothesis in the context of headache to identify high-risk categories of patients and foster their symptom management.

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“…The research topic of cognitive reserve in cognitive decline is quite timely, and the benefits of reserve for cognition in older adults have been demonstrated many times, highlighting an association with the dementia phenotype [8][9][10]. This evidence would justify the empirical observation that, in some cases, the levels of brain pathology do not match with clinical symptoms [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of cognitive reserve: an empirical study in mild cognitive impairment

Marselli,

Favieri,

Forte

et al. 2024

BMC Psychol

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Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) describes an aging profile characterized by a cognitive decline that is worse than expected in normal aging but less pervasive and critical than full-blown dementia. In the absence of an effective treatment strategy, it is important to identify factors that can protect against progression to dementia. In this field, it is hypothesized that one aspect that may be a protective factor against the neurotypical outcome of dementia is cognitive reserve (CR). Cognitive reserve is the ability to maintain cognitive functionality despite accumulating brain pathology. Objectives The present study aimed to identify and analyze the differences in CR between healthy adults and patients with MCI. Specifically, it is hypothesized that (i) healthy older adult people have higher CR than older adult people diagnosed with MCI, and (II) CR could predict the classification of subjects into people with or without MCI. Methods Two hundred forty-three adults (mean age = 60.4, SD = 7.4) participated in the present study and were classified into three groups based on Petersen’s MCI criteria: healthy controls (HC), amnestic MCI (aMCI), and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). The Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) was administered to assess the level of CR, Findings Results showed that HC had significantly higher CR scores than participants diagnosed with aMCI and naMCI. Moreover, a binomial logistic regression suggested that low CR was a significant risk factor for the MCI diagnosis. Conclusions The clinical picture that emerged from the results showed that lower CR could be considered a characteristic of pathological aging, such as MCI.Public significance statement, Since the brain attempts to cope with life-related changes or pathologies, it is fundamental for both clinicians and researchers to investigate further the factors that contribute to brain resilience. As an indirect expression of brain reserve, cognitive reserve may be both a marker and a predictor of adaptive aging.

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Cognitive Reserve as a Protective Factor of Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults Affected by Chronic Pain

Cited by 10 publications

References 97 publications

Associations between repetitive negative thinking and resting-state network segregation among healthy middle-aged adults

Associations between repetitive negative thinking and resting-state network segregation among healthy middle-aged adults

Cognitive reserve and well-being in migraine patients: a multidimensional approach to migraine assessment in an Italian tertiary headache center

The protective role of cognitive reserve: an empirical study in mild cognitive impairment

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