Cognitive Style, Hemispheric Specialization, and Tested Abilities of Transsexuals and Nontranssexuals

Torre, Ronald A. La; Gossmann, Ilona; Piper, William E.

doi:10.2466/pms.1976.43.3.719

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In general, men tend to process verbal stimuli in a more lateralized way than women; they also show a weaker righthand preference (McGlone 1978;Kimura 1996). Several studies of transsexual subjects have shown a sex-atypical performance in visuospatial (La Torre et al 1976;van Goozen et al 2002) and language functions (Cohen-Kettenis et al 1998), although some were unable to reproduce these patterns (Haraldsen et al 2005). A sex deviant performance has been described even prior to cross-sex hormone therapy (van Goozen et al 2002), further emphasizing an impact of biologically determined factors, such as sex-atypical cerebral programing, in gender dysphoria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male-to-Female Transsexuals Show Sex-Atypical Hypothalamus Activation When Smelling Odorous Steroids

Berglund¹,

Lindström²,

Dhejne-Helmy³

et al. 2007

Cerebral Cortex

143

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One working hypothesis behind transsexuality is that the normal sex differentiation of certain hypothalamic networks is altered. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the pattern of cerebral activation in 12 nonhomosexual male-to-female transsexuals (MFTRs) when smelling 4,16-androstadien-3-one (AND) and estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-ol (EST). These steroids are reported to activate the hypothalamic networks in a sex-differentiated way. Like in female controls the hypothalamus in MFTRs activated with AND, whereas smelling of EST engaged the amygdala and piriform cortex. Male controls, on the other hand, activated the hypothalamus with EST. However, when restricting the volume of interest to the hypothalamus activation was detected in MFTR also with EST, and explorative conjunctional analysis revealed that MFTR shared a hypothalamic cluster with women when smelling AND, and with men when smelling EST. Because the EST effect was limited, MFTR differed significantly only from male controls, and only for EST-AIR and EST-AND. These data suggest a pattern of activation away from the biological sex, occupying an intermediate position with predominantly female-like features. Because our MFTRs were nonhomosexual, the results are unlikely to be an effect of sexual practice. Instead, the data implicate that transsexuality may be associated with sex-atypical physiological responses in specific hypothalamic circuits, possibly as a consequence of a variant neuronal differentiation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male-to-Female Transsexuals Show Sex-Atypical Hypothalamus Activation When Smelling Odorous Steroids

Berglund¹,

Lindström²,

Dhejne-Helmy³

et al. 2007

Cerebral Cortex

143

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show abstract

“…However, another study found that estrogen treatment in MFs affected verbal memory but not verbal or visuospatial ability (Miles, Green, Sanders, & Hines, 1998). Finally, it has been found that hormonally treated MFs were similar in spatial ability performance to control women but different from control men (La-Torre, Gossmann, & Piper, 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Organizing and activating effects of sex hormones in homosexual transsexuals.

Goozen¹,

Slabbekoorn²,

Gooren³

et al. 2002

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The cause of transsexualism remains unclear. The hypothesis that atypical prenatal hormone exposure could be a factor in the development of transsexualism was examined by establishing whether an atypical pattern of cognitive functioning was present in homosexual transsexuals. Possible activating effects of sex hormones as a result of cross-sex hormone treatment were also studied. Female-to-male and male-to-female transsexuals were compared with female and male controls with respect to spatial ability before and after treatment. The data were consistent with an organizing effect, but there was no evidence of an activating effect. Homosexual transsexuals, who prior to hormone treatment scored in the direction of the opposite sex, may have reached a ceiling in performance and therefore do not benefit from activating hormonal effects.

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“…After extensive statistical analysis and a complex process of meaning making (see Alac ˇand Hutchins 2004;Dumit 2004) out of the images on the visual monitor, most studies determine that there are similarities in brain structures and activation patterns between transsexuals prior to hormone therapy (HT) and subjects who share their gender identity. Changes after HT are usually found not to be attributable to the differences in brains prior to HT (see Luders et al 2009;Rametti et al 2011;Zhou et al 1995;Van Goozen et al 2002;Swaab 2004;Garcia-Falgueras and Swaab 2008;Miles, Green, and Hines 2006;La Torre, Grossman, and Piper 1976;Haraldsen et al 2003;Prince 2005;and Sullivan 2008). The results and conclusion of inherent transsexuality, sans the hormonal transition aspect, mirror Simon LeVay's (1993: 120-24) earlier work in which he located structural and functional differences between self-identified gay men's brains and those of heterosexual men, noting that the structures were similar to those of presumably heterosexual women.…”

Section: Brain Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wrong Body

Engdahl¹

2014

TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly

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This section includes eighty-six short original essays commissioned for the inaugural issue of TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly. Written by emerging academics, community-based writers, and senior scholars, each essay in this special issue, ''Postposttranssexual: Key Concepts for a Twenty-First-Century Transgender Studies,'' revolves around a particular keyword or concept. Some contributions focus on a concept central to transgender studies; others describe a term of art from another discipline or interdisciplinary area and show how it might relate to transgender studies. While far from providing a complete picture of the field, these keywords begin to elucidate a conceptual vocabulary for transgender studies. Some of the submissions offer a deep and resilient resistance to the entire project of mapping the field terminologically; some reveal yet-unrealized critical potentials for the field; some take existing terms from canonical thinkers and develop the significance for transgender studies; some offer overviews of well-known methodologies and demonstrate their applicability within transgender studies; some suggest how transgender issues play out in various fields; and some map the productive tensions between trans studies and other interdisciplines. Abjection ROBERT PHI LLI PSAbjection refers to the vague sense of horror that permeates the boundary between the self and the other. In a broader sense, the term refers to the process by which identificatory regimes exclude subjects that they render unintelligible or beyond classification. As such, the abjection of others serves to maintain or reinforce boundaries that are threatened.This term can be used to think of the instability of gendered and/or sexed bodies -especially those occupied by transgender individuals -which are at the center of academic debates surrounding queer, feminist, and trans subjectivity. Drawing on a psychoanalytic reading of subjective identity as a defensive construction and on the French literary obsession with monsters, psychoanalyst and linguist Julia Kristeva develops the term abjection in Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection (1982).

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Cognitive Style, Hemispheric Specialization, and Tested Abilities of Transsexuals and Nontranssexuals

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Male-to-Female Transsexuals Show Sex-Atypical Hypothalamus Activation When Smelling Odorous Steroids

Male-to-Female Transsexuals Show Sex-Atypical Hypothalamus Activation When Smelling Odorous Steroids

Organizing and activating effects of sex hormones in homosexual transsexuals.

Wrong Body

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