Cognitive theory of stress and farmers’ responses to the COVID 19 shock; a model to assess coping behaviors with stress among farmers in southern Iran

COVID-19 is an unprecedented challenge for public health worldwide. Reducing the incidence of the disease requires protective measures to prevent virus transmission. Understanding those factors influencing preventive behavior is the first step in preventing the spread of the disease. This study investigates factors affecting youth intention and preventive behaviors in the face of COVID-19 through the health belief model by using a cross-sectional survey collected through an online questionnaire. The sample comprises 304 rural youth in South Iran who were selected through a random sampling technique. The results reveal that perceived severity, perceived benefits, public health beliefs, perceived self-efficacy, and the cue to act positively and significantly affect preventive behaviors. The model explains 59% of variance changes in rural youth preventive behaviors during COVID-19. Cue to action is the strongest and self-efficacy was the weakest determinant of youth's preventive behavior. This study confirms that the HBM framework has appropriate predictive power and is an effective tool for investigating preventive behaviors during COVID-19. These results provide important policy implications for the development of policies that aim to avoid the further spread of COVID-19 between young citizens.

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“…Perceived benefits (PBE) (α = 0.78) (Mean = 4.14) (SD = 0.67) (8,22,25) The use of protective methods and devices prevents the spread of corona.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research seeks to answer this question among rural youth in Bushehr province of southern Iran. Iran and its southern region are chosen because of its severe experience with COVID-19 (5,17,24,25). According to statistics, as of August 10, 2021, COVID-19 has resulted in 94,603 deaths in Iran, with numbers continuing to increase (26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Adoption of Precautionary Behaviors Among Young Rural Adults in South Iran During COVID-19

Moghadam

Zobeidi

Sieber

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…), economic (income, and capital), social (such as education, security, and justice), and environmental factors (such as the climate of the region) ( 28 ). Of course, these factors depend on different shocks, for instance, perhaps the most important damage of the COVID-19 pandemic is the psychological effects and anxiety caused ( 29 ). In a general category, the damages caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can be classified into economic, social, environmental, and psychological factors.…”

Section: Vulnerability Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dimension emphasizes the most vulnerable groups of society in rural areas, such as low-income people, homeless women and children, the disabled, and the elderly, as the COVID-19 pandemic has the greatest effect on them ( 41 , 43 – 48 ). A number of studies have focused on the most important social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on activities that require participation, social trust, and collective activities that are disrupted due to the fear of infection ( 29 , 49 ) and a number of other studies pointed to the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the stability of life and an increase in household migration due to the loss of economic power and the exhaustion of savings ( 17 ). A number of other studies have emphasized an increase in poverty and social inequality ( 50 – 52 ), and other researchers also pointed to the lack of access to information and knowledge to deal with COVID-19 pandemic ( 53 , 54 ).…”

Section: Vulnerability Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability assessment of Iran's rural-farmer households during COVID-19 pandemic

Amghani

Savari²,

Choobchian

2022

Front. Public Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused an emergency around the world, especially in rural communities, and imposed great disasters on human societies, so it's devastating effects on mental health indicators, economy, environment, and social relations are known to everyone. But the accurate assessment of its damage to human societies can help to manage this phenomenon during and post-COVID-19 pandemic. To that end, the present study was conducted for vulnerability assessment of wheat farmers to the COVID-19 pandemic in northwest Iran. The main data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire that was designed based on the Me-bar model, but for the accurate vulnerability assessment, new parameters were added based on the theoretical research literature and the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample size was selected from 420 wheat farmers living in East Azerbaijan Province, the northwest of Iran, using the Kerjcie and Morgan's table. The results showed that for economic vulnerability, the rural poverty was the most important cause of vulnerability of the studied rural households and access to information was most important cause of social vulnerability. Also, the results showed that for psychological vulnerability, the self-efficacy was the most important cause of vulnerability. In other results, irrigation parameters of agricultural lands were the most important cause of environmental vulnerability. The study results showed that the studied farmers have experienced high levels of vulnerability and were strongly affected by economic, social, psychological, and environmental damages. Moreover, the results showed that the farmers of Shabestar and Maragheh had the highest level of vulnerability. In general, the study results can provide policymakers with new insights into the field of COVID-19 pandemic management because the vulnerability of farmers has been identified using 39 parameters.

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“…Currently, government officials, the private sector, and most social researchers are working to develop strategies for planning and redeveloping tourism and building the confidence of tourists to return to their destinations and ensure their health; but an important issue that has been overlooked is the behavior of rural communities hosting tourists during pandemic. Numerous models such as protection motivation theory ( 21 , 22 ), theory of planned behavior ( 23 , 24 ), social cognitive theory ( 25 , 26 ), Johnson's comprehensive model of information seeking ( 27 ) have been developed to study behavior ( 28 ), which is one of the most popular and widely used models is HBM. Gochman in 1997 defines health behaviors as overt patterns of behavior, practices and habits related to health maintenance, restructuring and improving health ( 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Preventive Behaviors of Rural Tourism Hosts in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of Health Belief Model

Mirakzadeh

Khosravi

Parvin

2021

Front. Public Health

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The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is one of the most severe public health crises in recent history. Therefore, in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and its negative effects on the health of rural tourist hosts and the rural community, it is necessary to pay attention to the conservation and health behaviors of rural tourist hosts. This study was conducted with the purpose of analyzing preventive behaviors of rural tourism hosts in the face of COVID-19 pandemic with the application of the health belief model (HBM) that is one of the most widely used models to study behavior to prevent and control diseases. In this study, all 80 tourism hosts of tourism target villages in Kermanshah province (the west of Iran), were studied as study population. A questionnaire was used to collect data which its validity and reliability were confirmed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data. The results of SEM indicated that perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, self- efficacy, perceived benefits, and cues to action accounted for 56% of the variance of “COVID-19 preventive health behavior” among the hosts of rural tourists in Kermanshah province. Moreover, the perceived susceptibility was the strongest predictor of preventive health behavior, while perceived barriers were not significant on behavior. Therefore, planning based on the HBM with emphasis on increasing awareness to improve and modify the health behavior of rural tourist hosts is recommended.

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Cognitive theory of stress and farmers’ responses to the COVID 19 shock; a model to assess coping behaviors with stress among farmers in southern Iran

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Investigating the Adoption of Precautionary Behaviors Among Young Rural Adults in South Iran During COVID-19

Investigating the Adoption of Precautionary Behaviors Among Young Rural Adults in South Iran During COVID-19

Vulnerability assessment of Iran's rural-farmer households during COVID-19 pandemic

Analysis of Preventive Behaviors of Rural Tourism Hosts in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of Health Belief Model

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