Cognitive trajectories and incident dementia after a cardiovascular event in older adults

Vishwanath, Swarna; Hopper, Ingrid; Wolfe, Rory; Polekhina, Galina; Reid, C.; Tonkin, Andrew; Murray, Anne M.; Shah, Raj C.; Storey, Elsdon; Woods, Robyn L.; McNeil, John J; Orchard, Suzanne G; Nelson, Mark; Steves, Claire J.; Ryan, Joanne

doi:10.1002/alz.13006

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Excess weight has been proposed to alter the cerebral structure and energy metabolism, with links to brain atrophy, ischemia and hypoperfusion 32 . Obesity also increases the risk of many cardiometabolic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, which are themselves associated with dementia 3,33 . As such, obesity in midlife is recognized as a risk factor for dementia, 3 and our research suggests that excess weight in earlier adulthood also appears to increase risk, even decades later for individuals who have survived into older age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…32 Obesity also increases the risk of many cardiometabolic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, which are themselves associated with dementia. 3,33 As such, obesity in midlife is recognized as a risk factor for dementia, 3 and our research suggests that excess weight in earlier adulthood also appears to increase risk, even decades later for individuals who have survived into older age. In contrast, being overweight appears to be protective in both earlier and later life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Associations of body habitus and its changes with incident dementia in older adults

Wu,

Owen,

Woods

et al. 2024

J American Geriatrics Society

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BackgroundThis study examined the associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as well as their short‐ and long‐term changes over time, with incident dementia in older individuals.MethodsData came from 18,837 community‐dwelling individuals aged 65+ years from Australia and the United States, who were relatively healthy without major cognitive impairment at enrolment. Anthropometric measures were prospectively assessed at baseline, as well as change and variability from baseline to year two (three time‐points). In a subgroup (n = 11,176), self‐reported weight at age 18 and 70+ years was investigated. Dementia cases satisfied DSM‐IV criteria. Cox regression was used to examine the associations between anthropometric measures and incident risk of dementia.ResultsCompared to normal weight, an overweight (HR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.57–0.79, p < 0.001) or obese BMI (HR: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.60–0.89, p = 0.002), or a larger WC (elevated, HR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.58–0.86, p < 0.001; highly elevated, HR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.55–0.78, p < 0.001; relative to low) at baseline was associated with lower dementia risk. In contrast, substantial increases in BMI (>5%) over 2 years after baseline were associated with higher dementia risk (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.17–1.91, p = 0.001). Increased dementia risk was also seen with an underweight BMI at baseline and a 2‐year BMI decrease (>5%), but these associations appeared only in the first 4 years of follow‐up. Compared to normal weight at both age 18 and 70+ years, being obese at both times was associated with increased dementia risk (HR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.22–4.24, p = 0.01), while obesity only at age 70+ years was associated with decreased risk (HR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.51–0.95, p = 0.02).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that long‐term obesity and weight gain in later life may be risk factors for dementia. Being underweight or having substantial weight loss in old age may be early markers of pre‐clinical dementia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Associations of body habitus and its changes with incident dementia in older adults

Wu,

Owen,

Woods

et al. 2024

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…2015 ; Frey et al. 2021 ; Vishwanath et al. 2023 ), which support the presence of a heart–brain axis ( Hooghiemstra et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Resting heart rate causally affects the brain cortical structure: Mendelian randomization study

Zhong,

Li,

Hong

et al. 2024

Cerebral Cortex

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Resting heart rate (RHR) has been linked to impaired cortical structure in observational studies. However, the extent to which this association is potentially causal has not been determined. Using genetic data, this study aimed to reveal the causal effect of RHR on brain cortical structure. A Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. Sensitivity analyses, weighted median, MR Pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and MR-Egger regression were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. A causal relationship between RHR and cortical structures was identified by MR analysis. On the global scale, elevated RHR was found to decrease global surface area (SA; P < 0.0125). On a regional scale, the elevated RHR significantly decreased the SA of pars triangularis without global weighted (P = 1.58 × 10−4) and the thickness (TH) of the paracentral with global weighted (P = 3.56 × 10−5), whereas it increased the TH of banks of the superior temporal sulcus in the presence of global weighted (P = 1.04 × 10−4). MR study provided evidence that RHR might be causally linked to brain cortical structure, which offers a different way to understand the heart–brain axis theory.

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Association of cardiovascular diseases with cognitive performance in older adults

Park,

Jamil,

Babapour

et al. 2024

American Heart Journal

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Cognitive trajectories and incident dementia after a cardiovascular event in older adults

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Associations of body habitus and its changes with incident dementia in older adults

Associations of body habitus and its changes with incident dementia in older adults

Resting heart rate causally affects the brain cortical structure: Mendelian randomization study

Association of cardiovascular diseases with cognitive performance in older adults

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