Cognitive Trauma Therapy for Battered Women: Replication and extension.

Abstract

Objective: To replicate and extend findings from a previous controlled trial of Cognitive Trauma Therapy for Battered Women (CTT-BW; Kubany et al., 2004), the current study presents data on the treatment of 8 women with PTSD related to intimate partner violence (IPV). Method: CTT-BW was administered weekly, using the manual provided by Kubany and a multiple baseline across participants design. Participants were assessed for PTSD and depression, as well as secondary outcomes. Results: Significant decreases from pre-to posttreatment were noted in PTSD (Hedges g ϭ 1.90) and depression (Hedges g ϭ 1.52), the primary outcomes. Obtained effect sizes for PTSD and depression can be classified as large. Anxiety, self-esteem, and quality of life improved significantly during the pre-to posttreatment interval. Conclusions: Results are discussed in light of treatment needs for women with PTSD related to IPV and the potential for CTT-BW to be used in diverse settings.

The Association Between Posttraumatic Negative Self‐Conscious Cognitions and Emotions and Maladaptive Behaviors: Does Time Since Trauma Exposure Matter?

“…Although the current results cannot imply causality, they may suggest that modification of negative self‐conscious cognitions and emotions can be one way to decrease the victim's engagement in these behaviors. Different treatment protocols have shown success in improving negative self‐conscious cognitions and emotions and outcomes, including posttraumatic symptoms and quality of life (Beck et al., ; Kubany et al., ; Resick, Nishith, Weaver, Astin, & Feuer, ). However, it is unclear from these studies if a reduction in maladaptive behaviors mediates decreases in problematic self‐conscious cognitions and emotions and negative outcomes; this is a question for future research.…”

Co-Occurring Substance Use, PTSD, and IPV Victimization: Implications for Female Offender Services

“…The authors concluded that these interventions hold promise for reducing some PTSD and depression symptoms, but that more research is needed. More recently, Cognitive Trauma Therapy (CTT) with IPV victims that focused on reducing trauma-related guilt has demonstrated positive effects on PTSD and other mental health problems (Beck et al, 2016), with effects maintained at follow up (Allard, Norman, Thorp, Browne, & Stein, 2016). CTT is a manualized cognitive behavioral therapy designed specifically for female victims of IPV that includes trauma history exploration and exposure to trauma reminders, stress management, PTSD education, assertiveness training, managing mistrust, identifying potential abusers, managing contacts with former partners, managing anger, decision-making, and overcoming trauma-related guilt.…”

Follow-up Evaluation of Psychotherapy Protocols for Women with a History of Intimate Partner Violence: Scoping Review

“…The results of the analyses showed variation in the format of the follow-up assessments: four studies conducted semi-structured interviews to assess the symptoms of PTSD and history of IPV, combined with the reapplication of the same instruments used in the pretest measures of the intervention (Allard et al, 2018;Johnson et al, 2016;Matud et al, 2016;Orang et al, 2017); six studies carried out the follow-up assessment only with the reapplication of the base instruments (Beck et al, 2016;Choi et al, 2018;Naismith et al, 2020;Patel et al, 2019;Santos et al, 2017;Tirado-Muñoz et al, 2015); and one study conducted a fully qualitative interview at the follow-up (Trabold et al, 2017).…”

“…Other symptoms evaluated were PTSD (n = 7), perception of quality of life (n = 4), self-esteem (n = 4), social support (n = 4), guilt (n = 3), anxiety (n = 3), and shame (n = 1). One study evaluated post-traumatic memories and cognitions (Beck et al, 2016) and another study investigated the maintenance of beliefs about conjugal violence during the follow-up period (Santos et al, 2017). Two studies evaluated the participants' satisfaction with the intervention performed (Johnson et al, 2016;Trabold et al, 2017), one study evaluated the therapeutic alliance (Naismith et al, 2020) and another verified the participants' progress throughout the psychotherapy (Santos et al, 2017).…”

“…One of the reasons associated with the gradual sample loss of participants in the studies involves the delimitation of the inclusion criteria. Five studies (Allard et al, 2018;Beck et al, 2016;Johnson et al, 2016;Santos et al, 2017;Orang et al, 2017) established the diagnosis of PTSD (partial or total) as an inclusion criterion. Regarding the relationship status, only two studies had requirements to include participants that were already separated from the aggressors and with no intention of resuming the relationship (Allard et al, 2018;Beck et al, 2016).…”