CogSport: Reliability and Correlation with Conventional Cognitive Tests Used in Postconcussion Medical Evaluations

Collie, Alex; Maruff, Paul; Makdissi, Michael; McCrory, Paul; McStephen, Michael; Darby, David

doi:10.1097/00042752-200301000-00006

Cited by 273 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The 1-year reliability estimate for RT clin (ICC = 0.645) compares favorably with that of concurrently measured RT comp . Although the ICC for RT clin obtained in this study is somewhat lower than ICCs in the literature for computerized reaction time measures over retest intervals of 1 hour to 2 weeks, 3,11,12 it is comparable with or greater than published values for time intervals ranging from 45 days to 2 years. 21,23 25 as desirable for making decisions about individual change in the context of sport-related concussion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…[6][7][8][9][10] Reaction time measures provide one of the most sensitive indices of cognitive changes after concussion in both athletic and general head injury populations. 11,12 Decreased speed of information processing is thought to account for the cognitive performance deficits seen after concussion. 11 Impaired reaction time after concussion parallels the persistence of postconcussive symptoms 7,9 and may persist beyond resolution of self-reported symptoms and clinical findings.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Between-Seasons Test-Retest Reliability of Clinically Measured Reaction Time in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes

Eckner

Kutcher

Richardson

2011

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Reaction time is typically impaired after concussion. A clinical test of reaction time (RT clin ) that does not require a computer to administer may be a valuable tool to assist in concussion diagnosis and management.Objective: To determine the test-retest reliability of RT clin measured over successive seasons in competitive collegiate athletes and to compare these results with a computerized measure of reaction time (RT comp ).Design: Case series with repeated measures. Setting: Preparticipation physical examinations for the football, women's soccer, and wrestling teams at a single university.Patients or Other Participants: 102 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes. Intervention(s):The RT clin was measured using a measuring stick embedded in a weighted rubber disk that was released and caught as quickly as possible. The RT comp was measured using the simple reaction time component of CogState Sport.Main Outcome Measure(s): Data were collected at 2 time points, 1 season apart, during preparticipation physical examinations. Outcomes were mean simple RT clin and RT comp .Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient estimates from season 1 to season 2 were 0.645 for RT clin (n = 102, entire sample) and 0.512 for RT comp (n = 62 athletes who had 2 consecutive valid baseline CogState Sport test sessions).Conclusions: The test-retest reliability of RT clin over consecutive seasons compared favorably with that of a concurrently tested computerized measure of reaction time and with literature-based estimates of computerized reaction time measures. This finding supports the potential use of RT clin as part of a multifaceted concussion assessment battery. Further prospective study is warranted.Key Words: intraclass correlation coefficient, concussions, traumatic brain injuries, assessment Key Points• Reaction time is typically prolonged after sport-related concussion and can be measured clinically.• Test-retest reliability of the clinical measure of reaction time over consecutive seasons compared favorably with a computerized measure of reaction time.• The potential use of the clinical measure of reaction time as part of the sports medicine practitioner's multifaceted concussion assessment battery is supported.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Between-Seasons Test-Retest Reliability of Clinically Measured Reaction Time in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes

Eckner

Kutcher

Richardson

2011

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] One critique of the computerized tests is that the vast majority of studies have been conducted by the developers of the tests, which raises some concern for bias, because some independent study results have suggested slightly less reliable results. 85,86 A few of these computerized tests have been widely adopted at all levels of sport participation.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport-Related Concussion in Children and Adolescents

Halstead¹,

Walter²

2010

Pediatrics

586

445

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Sport-related concussion is a "hot topic" in the media and in medicine. It is a common injury that is likely underreported by pediatric and adolescent athletes. Football has the highest incidence of concussion, but girls have higher concussion rates than boys do in similar sports. A clear understanding of the definition, signs, and symptoms of concussion is necessary to recognize it and rule out more severe intracranial injury. Concussion can cause symptoms that interfere with school, social and family relationships, and participation in sports. Recognition and education are paramount, because although proper equipment, sport technique, and adherence to rules of the sport may decrease the incidence or severity of concussions, nothing has been shown to prevent them. Appropriate management is essential for reducing the risk of long-term symptoms and complications. Cognitive and physical rest is the mainstay of management after diagnosis, and neuropsychological testing is a helpful tool in the management of concussion. Return to sport should be accomplished by using a progressive exercise program while evaluating for any return of signs or symptoms. This report serves as a basis for understanding the diagnosis and management of concussion in children and adolescent athletes.

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“…HBCS-Psychomotor speed was measured with two tests being part of a standardised language independent computerized battery of cognitive tests (CogState1, version 3.0.5). This battery has been validated and shown to be a sensitive indicator of mild impairments in the following cognitive domains: psychomotor speed, attention, working memory and episodic learning and memory (Collie et al, 2001(Collie et al, , 2003Darby et al, 2002). In the tasks participants were asked to pay attention to playing cards on a computer screen.…”

Section: Lbc1936-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome association scan for genetic polymorphisms influencing information processing speed

Luciano

Hansell

Lahti

et al. 2011

Biological Psychology

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Processing speed is an important cognitive function that is compromised in psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia, depression) and old age; it shares genetic background with complex cognition (e.g., working memory, reasoning). To find genes influencing speed we performed a genome-wide association scan in up to three cohorts: Brisbane (mean age 16 years; N = 1659); LBC1936 (mean age 70 years, N = 992); LBC1921 (mean age 82 years, N = 307), and; HBCS (mean age 64 years, N = 1080). Meta-analysis of the common measures highlighted various suggestively significant (p < 1.21 × 10 −5 ) SNPs and plausible candidate genes (e.g., TRIB3). A biological pathways analysis of the speed factor identified two common pathways from the KEGG database (cell junction, focal adhesion) in two cohorts, while a pathway analysis linked to the GO database revealed common pathways across pairs of speed measures (e.g., receptor binding, cellular metabolic process). These highlighted genes and pathways will be able to inform future research, including results for psychiatric disease. KeywordsInformation processing speed; Cognitive ability; Genes; Biological pathways © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author at: Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK. Tel.: +44 131 6 51 5040; fax: +44 131 650 8405. michelle.luciano@ed.ac.uk. . 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.11.008. Europe PMC Funders GroupAuthor Manuscript Biol Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 April 04. Published in final edited form as:Biol Psychol. 2011 March ; 86(3): 193-202. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010 Europe PMC Funders Author Manuscripts Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsInformation processing speed is considered a lower level cognitive process, although it shares a large portion of its genetic variance with higher order abilities (e.g., reasoning, working memory) (Luciano et al., 2003;Neubauer, 1997). It is a cognitive domain that is particularly prone to deterioration with ageing (Salthouse, 1996); for example, simple reaction time (RT) slows at around 50 years of age and choice RT slows throughout the adult range (Der and Deary, 2006). However, similar to complex cognition with which it is correlated, the genes influencing speed are expected to be stable across the lifespan (Lyons et al., 2009). Speed is affected (slowed) in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, depression and substance use disorder (Andersson et al., 2010;Jahshan et al., 2009) and RT has even been shown to account for the relationship between IQ and mortality in a cohort followed up until age 70 (Deary and Der, 2005;Latvala et al., 2009). It is therefore an important trait to understand, and in this study, we aim to locate genes influencing chronometric and psychometric processing speed measures via genome wide association. These genes may underlie comple...

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CogSport: Reliability and Correlation with Conventional Cognitive Tests Used in Postconcussion Medical Evaluations

Abstract: CogSport is a highly reliable cognitive function test when administered to healthy young adults and elite athletes. CogSport measures similar cognitive functions as conventional tests used commonly in concussion research.

Cited by 273 publications

References 16 publications

Between-Seasons Test-Retest Reliability of Clinically Measured Reaction Time in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes

Between-Seasons Test-Retest Reliability of Clinically Measured Reaction Time in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes

Sport-Related Concussion in Children and Adolescents

Whole genome association scan for genetic polymorphisms influencing information processing speed

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