In the present paper, we introduce two-dimensional
categorified Hall algebras
of smooth curves and smooth surfaces. A categorified Hall algebra is an associative monoidal structure on the stable
\infty
-category
\mathsf{Coh}^{\mathsf{b}}(\mathbb{R}\mathcal{M})
of complexes of sheaves with bounded coherent cohomology on a derived moduli stack
\mathbb{R}\mathcal{M}
. In the surface case,
\mathbb{R}\mathcal{M}
is a suitable derived enhancement of the moduli stack
\mathcal{M}
of coherent sheaves on the surface. This construction categorifies the K-theoretical and cohomological Hall algebras of coherent sheaves on a surface of Zhao and Kapranov–Vasserot. In the curve case, we define three categorified Hall algebras associated with suitable derived enhancements of the moduli stack of Higgs sheaves on a curve
X
, the moduli stack of vector bundles with flat connections on
X
, and the moduli stack of finite-dimensional local systems on
X
, respectively. In the Higgs sheaves case we obtain a categorification of the K-theoretical and cohomological Hall algebras of Higgs sheaves on a curve of Minets and Sala–Schiffmann, while in the other two cases our construction yields, by passing to
\mathsf{K}_0
, new K-theoretical Hall algebras, and by passing to
\mathsf{H}_\ast^{\mathsf{BM}}
, new cohomological Hall algebras. Finally, we show that the Riemann–Hilbert and the non-abelian Hodge correspondences can be lifted to the level of our categorified Hall algebras of a curve.