Coherent coupling between Vanadyl Phthalocyanine spin ensemble and microwave photons: towards integration of molecular spin qubits into quantum circuits

Bonizzoni, Claudio; Ghirri, Alberto; Atzori, Matteo; Sorace, Lorenzo; Sessoli, Roberta; Affronte, Marco

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13271-w

Cited by 59 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Experiments described so far have been performed on bulk crystals (ErPc 2 , Cu(mnt) 2 ) or powders (VOPc) specimens with few mm size. Additional investigations show that inhomogeneities of both the static [27,31,50] and the oscillating field occur at this length scale. Moreover, in powder samples molecules are randomly oriented and, although the single ion magnetic anisotropy can be relatively weak, this also contributes to line broadening.…”

Section: Dpph and Pybtm Organic Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…For measurements below 1 K, we use a 3 He cryostat (Heliox VL by Oxford Instruments) in a vector (9 + 1 + 1) T magnet ( Figure 2) that allows us to orient the static magnetic field B 0 also perpendicular to the plane of the resonator. The resonator is packed into a copper shielding box, where the signal is injected and collected through two floating antennas [27,31] (Figure 2(a)). The scattering parameters S 11 (reflection) and S 21 (transmission) are measured by a Vector Network Analyzer (Agilent Technologies 26 GHz, VNA) with the microwave coaxial lines of the setup (Figure 2(b), (c)).…”

Section: Basic Characterization and Performances Of Ybco Resonator Vsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the next experiment, we have investigated more deeply the temperature dependence (from 30 K down to 0.5 K) of a Vanadyl Phthalocyanine (VOPc) that has recently shown long coherence time and Rabi oscillations even at room temperature in solid dispersion [13,63]. Polycrystalline samples of VOPc diluted in its equivalent diamagnetic host (Titanium Phthalocyanine, TiOPc) were studied by using our YBCO resonators (w = 200 μm: ν 0 ≈ 7.7 GHz and Q ≈ 10000, and w = 600 μm: ν 0 ≈ 7 GHz and Q ≈ 6000 at 1.5 K) [31]. The transmission spectrum at 2 K shows a multi-folded pattern of resonances at g ≈ 2, as expected from the powder spectrum of a spin S = 1/2 with additional hyperfine coupling to the I = 7/2 nuclear spin of the VO 2+ group (Figure 10).…”

Section: Reaching High Cooperativity With Vopc Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduced under cc licence from Ref. [31]. and their number increases with the order of the harmonic.…”

Section: Strong Coupling With High Order Harmonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coherent coupling of molecular spins with microwave photons in planar superconducting resonators

Bonizzoni

Ghirri

Affronte

2018

Advances in Physics: X

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Within the quest for solid state quantum systems to be used for fundamental as well as applied research, molecular spins have recently emerged as a versatile platform with interesting performances in terms of quantum coherence and correlation. Molecular units provide well defined environment to electronic spins and they represent elementary bricks for complex nano-architectures and nano-devices. Here we review our recent efforts and results on their efficient integration in circuit Quantum ElectroDynamics and, more specifically, in reaching their coherent coupling with microwave photons in planar resonators. To monitor molecular spin performances over a wide temperature and magnetic field range we have first developed microwave planar resonators made of high T c superconductors, obtaining excellent performances up to liquid Nitrogen temperature and in magnetic fields up to 7 Tesla. Ensembles of different molecular spins systems are then systematically tested. The regime of high spin-photon cooperativity is achieved with molecular spins diluted in nonmagnetic matrix at 0.5 K, while the strong coupling regime is observed with concentrated samples of organic radicals up to 50 K. The possibility to create coherent states among distinct spin ensembles is further explored in similar spectroscopic experiments. These results show that molecular spins can be efficiently integrated in quantum devices.

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Section: Dpph and Pybtm Organic Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Basic Characterization and Performances Of Ybco Resonator Vsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reaching High Cooperativity With Vopc Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduced under cc licence from Ref. [31]. and their number increases with the order of the harmonic.…”

Section: Strong Coupling With High Order Harmonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coherent coupling of molecular spins with microwave photons in planar superconducting resonators

Bonizzoni

Ghirri

Affronte

2018

Advances in Physics: X

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“…In the presence of a FMR mode with frequency ω res given by Equation , the transmission of the resonator can be calculated by the input‐output formula

S_{21} = \frac{κ_{ext}}{i (ω_{normalc} - ω) + (κ_{normalext} + \frac{1}{2} κ_{normalint}) + \frac{Ω^{2}}{i (ω_{normalres} - ω) + Γ}}

where Ω is the spin–photon collective coupling strength, Γ is the half‐width at half‐maximum (HWHM) linewidth of the FMR line in frequency units and

κ = κ_{normalint} + \frac{κ_{ext}}{2}

is the total loss of the resonator given by the sum of the external (κ ext ) and internal (κ int ) contributions. The temperature dependence of the coupling strength is related to that of the magnetization

M (B_{res}, T)

of the sample by

Ω = {normalΩ}_{0} \sqrt{M (B_{res,} T) / M_{normals}}

where Ω 0 is a constant and M S is the magnetization at saturation .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Nanostructured CsNiCr Prussian Blue Analogue to Resonant Microwave Fields

et al. 2019

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Collective spin excitations in magnetically ordered materials are exploited for advanced applications in magnonics and spintronics. In these contexts, conditions for minimizing dissipative effects are sought in order to obtain long living excitations that can be coherently manipulated. Organic and coordination materials may offer alternative options for their flexibility and low spin–orbit effects. Likewise, ferromagnetic nanostructures provide a versatile platform for hybrid architectures, yet downsizing affects the spin dynamics and needs to be controlled. Here, a systematic investigation on insulating CsNiCr(CN)6 Prussian blue analogue, including isolated nanoparticles dispersed in polyvinylpyrrolidone, mutually interacting nanoparticles embedded in cetyltrimethylammonium, and bulk samples, is reported. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy is performed in a wide temperature range across the bulk ferromagnetic transition occurring at 90 K. This allows us to monitor key parameters through different types of nanostructured samples. It is found that the Gilbert damping parameter of 10 nm nanoparticles compares well (10−3) with values reported for prototypical yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12. Strong coupling with the microwave field of a microstrip resonator is then observed for bulk CsNiCr(CN)6 as well as for interacting nanoparticles. These results clarify conditions for the coherent manipulation of collective spin degrees of freedom in nanostructured coordination materials.

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Room‐Temperature Quantum Memories Based on Molecular Electron Spin Ensembles

et al. 2021

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Superconducting quantum bits are addressed by means of microwave radiation and quantum memories in this context thus need to be able to store microwave photon states. To this end, resonant structures for electromagnetic radiation can be used to strongly couple quantum bits and quantum memories to quantized cavity modes of the electromagnetic field. The strong coupling generates a hybrid quantum system that allows mapping the qubit state onto the cavity field state. [6] This strategy has given rise to the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics and has already been used to couple two superconducting qubits together via a cavity bus. [7] A second application of quantum memories is in quantum repeaters for quantum communication. Because telecom wavelengths are in the near-infrared, for this application, optical quantum memories are required that store optical photon states. [8] Considering the choice of material platform for designing microwave quantum memories, electron spins in solids can be easily addressed by microwave pulses and have been shown to possess excellent coherence times up to seconds, for some systems even up to room temperature. [9][10] Unfortunately, the coupling of a single electron spin to a photon is very weak. Although resonant structures can be tailored to improve single-spin coupling, [11][12][13] the weakness of the coupling renders addressing individual spins by means of coupling to cavity modes very challenging. This can be overcome by using an electron spin ensemble rather than single spins, because the coupling strength of a spin ensemble to an electromagnetic resonator mode is proportional to the square root of the number of electron spins in the ensemble. [14] This then leads to the general idea of the implementation of a microwave quantum memory using spin ensembles and microwave resonators (Figure 1). The state to be stored is encoded in a weak microwave pulse and sent to the hybrid quantum system constituted of an electron spin ensemble that is strongly coupled to a microwave resonator, where it is stored. When the quantum state is needed again, a strong microwave pulse is sent to the resonator, which leads to deterministic retrieval of the quantum state that is emitted as a microwave photon to be used as desired.Strong coupling between cavity and electron spin ensembles has been observed in a variety of spin systems, including organic radicals, [15][16][17][18][19][20] phosphorous dopants in silicon, [21,22] P1 and nitrogen vacancy (NV) defects in diamond, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] N@ C 60 , [33] rare earth dopants in oxides, [34,35] transition metal Whilst quantum computing has recently taken great leaps ahead, the development of quantum memories has decidedly lagged behind. Quantum memories are essential devices in the quantum technology palette and are needed for intermediate storage of quantum bit states and as quantum repeaters in long-distance quantum communication. Current quantum memories operate at cryogenic, mostly sub-Kelvin temperatures and require extens...

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Coherent coupling between Vanadyl Phthalocyanine spin ensemble and microwave photons: towards integration of molecular spin qubits into quantum circuits

Cited by 59 publications

References 47 publications

Coherent coupling of molecular spins with microwave photons in planar superconducting resonators

Coherent coupling of molecular spins with microwave photons in planar superconducting resonators

Coupling Nanostructured CsNiCr Prussian Blue Analogue to Resonant Microwave Fields

Room‐Temperature Quantum Memories Based on Molecular Electron Spin Ensembles

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