“…The light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system, converting distance measurements into signal pulses, has promising applications in driverless vehicles, atmosphere observing, etc. The optical sources of LiDAR can be solid-state lasers [1,2], fiber lasers [3,4] and semiconductor lasers [5][6][7], and are expected to have high peak power [8], high repetition frequency [9], short pulse width [9], and low beam divergence angle [10]. Compared with solid-state lasers and fiber lasers, the semiconductor lasers show a low cost, small volume, easy integration, and the highest conversion efficiency among these laser sources.…”