Coherent-population-trapping resonances with linearly polarized light for all-optical miniature atomic clocks

Zibrov, S. A.; Novikova, Irina; Phillips, David F.; Walsworth, Ronald L.; Zibrov, A. S.; Velichansky, V. L.; Тайченачев, А. В.; Yudin, V. I.

doi:10.1103/physreva.81.013833

Cited by 101 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The light shift of the dark resonance can be qualitatively explained from the coupling to the non-resonant excited state hyperfine sublevel (which in our case is F e = 2). In the lin lin configuration the light shift can be positive or negative depending on the electromagnetic field spectral distribution and on the one-photon optical detuning [41]. We have measured a negative light shift mainly due to the transitions |F g = 2,m F = ±1 → |F e = 2,m F = 0 .…”

Section: Light Shift Of the Dark Resonancementioning

confidence: 75%

Light effects in the atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing of dark resonances in wall-coated cells

et al. 2010

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We report on light shift and broadening in the atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing of dark resonances prepared in alkali-metal vapors contained in wall-coated cells without buffer gas. The atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing is due to the free motion of the polarized atomic spins in and out of the optical interaction region before spin relaxation. As a consequence of this effect, we observe a narrowing of the dark resonance linewidth as well as a reduction of the ground states' light shift when the volume of the interaction region decreases at constant optical intensity. The results can be intuitively interpreted as a dilution of the intensity effect similar to a pulsed interrogation due to the atomic motion. Finally the influence of this effect on the performance of compact atomic clocks is discussed.

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Section: Light Shift Of the Dark Resonancementioning

confidence: 75%

Light effects in the atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing of dark resonances in wall-coated cells

et al. 2010

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“…The detection of high contrast resonances with optimized CPT interaction schemes is known to be improved with high operating laser intensities [3,5,8]. Nevertheless, in continuous regime, high intensities broaden the CPT resonance line, limiting the clock short-term frequency stability and increasing the light shift.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramsey spectroscopy of high-contrast CPT resonances with push-pull optical pumping in Cs vapor

Liu¹,

Mérolla²,

Guérandel³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We report on the detection of high-contrast and narrow Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) Ramsey fringes in a Cs vapor cell using a simple-architecture laser system. The latter allows the combination of push-pull optical pumping (PPOP) and a temporal Ramsey-like pulsed interrogation. An originality of the optics package is the use of a single Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator (MZ EOM) both for optical sidebands generation and light switch for pulsed interaction. Typical Ramsey fringes with a linewidth of 166 Hz and a contrast of 33 % are detected in a cm-scale buffer-gas filled Cs vapor cell. This technique could be interesting for the development of high-performance and low power consumption compact vapor cell clocks based on CPT.

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“…Yudin et al [19] showed that a recently studied lin||lin configuration is a promising candidate for EIT atomic clock applications [20][21][22][23]. The amplitude of the magnetoinsensitive EIT resonance is sensitive to the magnetic field direction and has a universal maximum when the laser polarization vector, E, is orthogonal to the plane formed by the magnetic field vector, B, and laser wave vector, k. Thus, measureing the resonance amplitude while rotating the laser polarization should provide information about magnetic field direction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4(b)]. The resonance asymmetry can be reduced by optimizing the laser detuning [22] and by operating at higher magnetic fields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensity ratio between the sideband and the carrier was adjusted by changing the modulation power sent to the VCSEL, while the modulation frequency (and consequently the two-photon detuning of two EIT fields) was controlled by a homemade computer-controlled microwave source operating at 6.835 GHz [23]. During this experiment we kept the sideband to carrier ratio equal to 60%, since this allows us to cancel the first order power shift in this setup [22,23].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurements of the magnetic field vector using multiple electromagnetically induced transparency resonances in Rb vapor

et al. 2011

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We study dependence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance amplitudes on the external magnetic field direction in a lin||lin configuration in 87 Rb vapor. We demonstrate that all seven resolvable EIT resonances exhibit maxima or minima at certain orientations of the laser polarization relative to the wave vector and the magnetic field. This effect can be used for development of a high-precision vector EIT magnetometer.PACS numbers: 42.50. Gy, 32.70.Jz, 32.60.+i, 07.55.Ge The ability to measure magnetic field with high precision and good spatial resolution benefits many applications. For example, detection of weak magnetic a field distribution gives a new non-invasive diagnostic method for heart and brain activities, allows identification of defects in magnetizable coatings and films, and can possibly be used for a non-demolishing readout of stored memory domains. Many magnetic sensors available today, such as SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference devices) [1], spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometers [2,3], and various optical pumping magnetometers [4] are sensitive only to the magnitude of the magnetic field. These magnetometers lose valuable information about magnetic field direction and can allow reduced accuracy due to "heading error" in some systems [5]. The application of coherent optical effects, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [6] for magnetic field detection offers exciting perspective for development of high-precision miniature magnetometers [7][8][9][10][11][12]. EIT resonances are associated with the preparation of atoms into a coherent non-interacting (dark) superposition of two metastable states of an atom (such as two Zeeman or hyperfine sublevels of the electronic ground state of an alkali metal atom) under the combined interaction of two optical fields E 0,1 in two-photon Raman resonance in a Λ configuration. The resulting ultra-narrow (down to a few tens of Hz [13,14]) transmission peaks can be used to measure, e.g., a frequency difference between two hyperfine energy levels in Rb or Cs without use of microwave interrogation, making this method particularly attractive for development of miniature atomic clocks [15,16] and magnetometers [10]. In the latter case, the magnitude of a magnetic field can be deduced from the spectral position of an EIT resonance in a Λ link formed between magnetic field-sensitive Zeeman sublevels. However, this method is not sensitive to the direction of the magnetic field vector B.Several publications suggested that the information about B direction can be extracted by analyzing relative intensities of various EIT peaks [17,18]. Yudin et al. [19] showed that a recently studied lin||lin configuration is a promising candidate for EIT atomic clock applications [20][21][22][23]. The amplitude of the magnetoinsensitive EIT resonance is sensitive to the magnetic field direction and has a universal maximum when the laser polarization vector, E, is orthogonal to the plane formed by the magnetic field vector, B,...

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Coherent-population-trapping resonances with linearly polarized light for all-optical miniature atomic clocks

Cited by 101 publications

References 25 publications

Light effects in the atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing of dark resonances in wall-coated cells

Light effects in the atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing of dark resonances in wall-coated cells

Ramsey spectroscopy of high-contrast CPT resonances with push-pull optical pumping in Cs vapor

Measurements of the magnetic field vector using multiple electromagnetically induced transparency resonances in Rb vapor

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