Coherent signal beam amplification in two-wave mixing experiments with photorefractive Bi12SiO20 crystals

Huignard, Jean‐Pierre; Marrakchi, A.

doi:10.1016/0030-4018(81)90392-8

Cited by 332 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Cela peut facilement se faire en éclairant le cristal par une figure d'interférence mobile se déplaçant à la vitesse v, = coJk r selon k r [53,[94][95][96][97]. On peut utiliser deux techniques différentes pour créer ce déplacement.…”

Section: Intensification Du Gain Par La Technique Du Réseau Mobileunclassified

L'effet photoréfractif

Pauliat

Roosen

1998

l'Optique Non Linéaire Et Ses Matériaux

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Résumé : La souplesse d'emploi des matériaux photoréfractifs est un de leurs principaux attraits. Un même échantillon est sensible sur une plage de longueurs d'onde de plus de 100 nm avec des temps de réponse s'étageant de moins d'une nanoseconde à plus d'une seconde en fonction de la puissance optique mise en jeu. Cette richesse explique le succès de l'effet photoréfractif et aussi les centaines de publications annuelles sur ce sujet. De nombreux matériaux photoréfractifs aux caractéristiques très diverses sont disponibles commercialement. Bien qu'il ne soit pas possible de résumer ici l'ensemble de ces résultats, nous présentons les notions indispensables à la compréhension de ce phénomène nonlinéaire, à l'utilisation de ces matériaux, et au choix des échantillons. Nous n'abordons pas le vaste domaine des applications.

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Section: Intensification Du Gain Par La Technique Du Réseau Mobileunclassified

L'effet photoréfractif

Pauliat

Roosen

1998

l'Optique Non Linéaire Et Ses Matériaux

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“…When the crystal is biased by an electric field, resonant excitation of photorefractive waves can be observed for a certain translation velocity of the interference pattern. 3,4 There have been quite detailed studies on the holographic recording when the writing interference pattern is moving at constant speed [3][4][5][6][7] or when it is spatially oscillating. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The usual procedure for generating dynamic interference patterns is to act on a phase-shifting device ͑placed in the path of one of the writing beams͒ using an open-loop configuration ͑no feedback͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillating holograms recorded in photorefractive crystals by a frequency detuned feedback loop

Freschi

Telles

Frejlich

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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We report an optoelectronic feedback loop suitable for generating noise-free interference patterns oscillating at arbitrary waveforms. The technique allows controlling the frequency detuning between the interfering beams through a phase modulator in a closed-loop interferometer. We use the dither signal method and propose a quasisynchronous demodulation scheme to create a phase modulated error signal for driving the loop. The dynamics of the interference fringes is easily controlled by a voltage waveform from a function generator, which is used in association with a time delay circuit for shifting the frequency of the reference signal used for lock-in demodulation. The technique is specially suited for applications involving low-frequency phase oscillations, such as those frequently encountered in the generation of space-charge waves in highly resistive photorefractive materials. The processing scheme allows real time monitoring of the hologram strength, and absolute values for the diffraction efficiency and the holographic phase shift can be obtained. Photorefractive wave oscillations ranging from approximately 100 mHz to 10 Hz were produced in a nominally undoped Bi 12 TiO 20 sample. The technique can be readily applied to other fields of optical interferometry, such as for testing optical surfaces, optimizing adaptive holographic devices, measuring physical quantities, among other applications.

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“…It was shown by Huignard and Marrakchi 1 and Réfrégier et al 2 that the interaction between two incident waves can be significantly enhanced by application of dc voltage and detuning of one of the waves. The enhancement was maximum when the moving interference wave was in resonance with the space-charge wave, which is an eigenwave of the system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resonant two-wave mixing in photorefractive materials with the aid of dc and ac fields

et al. 1997

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A recently predicted resonant effect for the enhancement of two-wave mixing in photorefractive materials is investigated. The resonance occurs when the frequency of the applied ac field agrees with the eigenfrequency of the excited space-charge wave. Experimentally a clear resonance is found, as predicted by the theory, for high dc electric fields, but the resonance is smeared out for lower fields. A modified theory, taking into account the second temporal harmonic of the space-charge wave, shows good agreement with the experimental results. © 1997 Optical Society of America It was shown by Huignard and Marrakchi 1 and Réfrégier et al.2 that the interaction between two incident waves can be significantly enhanced by application of dc voltage and detuning of one of the waves. The enhancement was maximum when the moving interference wave was in resonance with the space-charge wave, which is an eigenwave of the system. 3A nonresonant excitation employing an applied ac voltage was shown by Stepanov and Petrov 4 to lead to similar enhancement. More recently, a new kind of resonant interaction 5 -7 was proposed that, instead of detuning, relies on applied dc and ac f ields. It was shown in Refs. 5 -7 that the resonance took place when the frequency of the applied ac f ield agreed with the eigenfrequency of the space-charge wave. The purpose of this Letter is to investigate experimentally this new resonant mechanism and to introduce corrections to the model of Ref. 7 that will lead to good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical results.The experimental arrangement for two-wave mixing is shown schematically in Fig. 1. A frequency-doubled diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser ͑l 532 nm; TEM 00 power, 500 mW) was used as the light source. A variable beam splitter controlled the intensity ratio of the two beams, which were incident upon the (110) face of a bismuth silicate (BSO) crystal with an interbeam angle of 1.4 ± , thus producing fringes with approximately 20-mm spacing. Both incident beams were linearly polarized normal to the (110) face of the crystal. The external fields were applied across the (001) faces. The crystal dimensions were all 10 mm, mirrors M3 and M4 were mounted upon piezoelectric translators, and, for frequency detuning, sawtooth voltages of opposite polarity were applied to these translators with an amplitude sufficient to cause an optical phase change of 2p between the beams. The modulation depth of the interference pattern, m, was equal to 0.1 (corresponding to an input intensity ratio of ϳ100), and a photodetector was used for monitoring the intensity of the weak signal beam. The total intensity of the beams in all the experiments was I 0 5 mW cm 22 . According to the predictions of the simple model referred to above, the maximum of the new resonance occurs at the same frequency as that of the resonance obtained when the optical beams are detuned. Hence in our f irst set of experiments we measured the gain as a function of detuning. The results are shown in Fig. 2

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Coherent signal beam amplification in two-wave mixing experiments with photorefractive Bi12SiO20 crystals

Cited by 332 publications

References 16 publications

L'effet photoréfractif

L'effet photoréfractif

Oscillating holograms recorded in photorefractive crystals by a frequency detuned feedback loop

Resonant two-wave mixing in photorefractive materials with the aid of dc and ac fields

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