Coherent versus incoherent light scattering from a quantum dot

Konthasinghe, Kumarasiri; Walker, J.; Peiris, M.; Shih, Chih‐Kang; Yu, Yanmei; Li, M. F.; He, Jim; Wang, L. J.; Ni, Haiqiao; Niu, Zhichuan; Müller, Andreas

doi:10.1103/physrevb.85.235315

Cited by 62 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These experimental findings open an alternative to produce single photons with laserlike coherence free from any dephasing processes affecting the QD light emission, which is of much interest in quantum information science. This behavior has been also experimentally confirmed in another work [17], where the fraction of coherently scattered photons was shown to be close to unity for sufficiently weak or detuned pumping of a InAs QD. In these works the self-assembled quantum dot is usually embedded in a high quality microcavity structure.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Resonance fluorescence spectrum of ap-doped quantum dot coupled to a metallic nanoparticle

2013

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The resonance fluorescence spectrum (RFS) of a hybrid system consisting of a p-doped semiconductor quantum dot (QD) coupled to a metallic nanoparticle (MNP) is analyzed. The quantum dot is described as a four-level atom-like system using the density matrix formalism. The lower levels are Zeeman-split hole spin states and the upper levels correspond to positively charged excitons containing a spin-up, spin-down hole pair and a spin electron. A linearly polarized laser field drives two of the optical transitions of the QD and produces localized surface plasmons in the nanoparticle which act back upon the QD. The frequencies of these localized plasmons are very different along the two principal axes of the nanoparticle, thus producing an anisotropic modification of the spontaneous emission rates of the allowed optical transitions which is accompanied by very minor local field corrections. This manifests into dramatic modifications in the RFS of the hybrid system in contrast to the one obtained for the isolated QD. The RFS is analyzed as a function of the nanoparticle's aspect ratio, the external magnetic field applied in the Voigt geometry, and the Rabi frequency of the driving field. It is shown that the spin of the QD is imprinted onto certain sidebands of the RFS, and that the signal at these sidebands can be optimized by engineering the shape of the MNP.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Resonance fluorescence spectrum of ap-doped quantum dot coupled to a metallic nanoparticle

2013

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“…The measured Franson visibility of 66% indicates a clear violation over the classical limit and approaches the limit for a violation of Bell's inequalities. We speculate that the visibility in our experiments is limited by properties intrinsic to the source, perhaps originating in influences related to phonon scattering and/or spectral diffusion, which are processes often causing deviations from ideal twolevel system behavior in InAs epitaxial QDs [30,46,47]. Nonetheless, our method based on single photon pairs can be potentially used in future quantum communication schemes, with entanglement preserved through optical fibers.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Under strong continuous laser illumination, the resonance fluorescence spectrum consists of a "Mollow triplet" composed of one central peak at the laser frequency, and two other peaks appearing on each side of the central peak and separated from the latter by a frequency approximately equal to the generalized Rabi frequency [ Fig. 1(a)] [27][28][29][30]. The emergence of these peaks may be viewed as a result of a cascade emission down a ladder of pairs of "dressed states" [31,32] and it is natural to investigate under which circumstances photonphoton correlations can be generated via such a cascade.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this work, QDs grown by molecular beam epitaxy were held in a free-space closed-cycle cryostat at a base temperature of 5 K [30]. While strongly driving a ground-state transition (neutral exciton) with a tunable continuous-wave laser (frequency ω L ), and using a perpendicular excitation/detection scheme [38], the resonance fluorescence from a single QD was obtained nearly background-free with a collection efficiency into the first lens of order 10%.…”

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Franson Interference Generated by a Two-Level System

2017

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We report a Franson interferometry experiment based on correlated photon pairs generated via frequency-filtered scattered light from a near-resonantly driven two-level semiconductor quantum dot. In contrast to spontaneous parametric down conversion and four-wave mixing, this approach can produce single pairs of correlated photons. We have measured a Franson visibility as high as 66%, which goes beyond the classical limit of 50% and approaches the limit of violation of Bell's inequalities (70.7%).Introduction-Entanglement is perhaps the most intriguing of all physical phenomena, and was famously challenged by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) in 1935 [1]. The EPR paradox led to Bell's inequalities [2] which were since tested by numerous experiments [3] including recent "loophole-free" tests [4][5][6] that have conclusively demonstrated that entanglement cannot be explained using local hidden variable theories.Most experiments have employed photons that are entangled in the energy and polarization degrees of freedom [7][8][9][10]. However, this method is known to be sensitive to polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers [11]. As an alternative, entanglement in the time-energy basis may be employed, wherein quantum information is encoded in the arrival time of photons, and long-distance fiber transmission over 300 km is possible [12]. The approach of using time-energy entangled photons was first formulated by Franson, with photon pairs created in an atomic decay process and two unbalanced interferometers [13]. Franson-type experiments have stimulated a plethora of research activities and have been extensively used for Bell tests in quantum optics [14][15][16].Today, entangled photon pairs for Franson experiments are primarily produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) or four-wave mixing (FWM), following two main methods. In time-energy experiments [17,18], a nonlinear medium is pumped by a continuous monochromatic laser and emission times of the photons have an uncertainty equal to the coherence time of the pump laser. On the other hand in time-bin experiments [14,19], a nonlinear medium is pumped by pulses that have previously passed through an unbalanced interferometer, leading to a "which-path" ambiguity in emission time. However, either method provides a nondeterministic pair generation, leading to limitations on the accuracy and security of quantum communication.Single-photon sources, based on single atoms, ions, impurity centers and quantum dots (QDs) [20], have emerged as alternatives [21,22], emitting no more than a single pair during any given cascade decay. In particular, intense research efforts using InAs semiconductor QDs have enabled the generation of triggered photon pairs at

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“…In the particular case of QDs, many of the archetypal features of atomic quantum optics have now been demonstrated, such as resonance fluorescence [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], coherent population oscillations [7,[13][14][15], photon anti-bunching [16,17], and two-photon interference [18][19][20]. Aside from being of fundamental interest, these observations also pave the way towards using QDs as efficient single photon sources [21][22][23][24], and for other quantum technologies [25].Thus, under appropriate conditions, the emission properties of a driven QD can bear close resemblance to the more idealised case of a driven atom in free space. QDs are, nevertheless, unavoidably coupled to their surrounding solid-state environments.…”

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Model of the Optical Emission of a Driven Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Phonon-Enhanced Coherent Scattering and Off-Resonant Sideband Narrowing

McCutcheon

Nazir

2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We study the crucial role played by the solid-state environment in determining the photon emission characteristics of a driven quantum dot. For resonant driving, we predict a phonon-enhancement of the coherently emitted radiation field with increasing driving strength, in stark contrast to the conventional expectation of a rapidly decreasing fraction of coherent emission with stronger driving. This surprising behaviour results from thermalisation of the dot with respect to the phonon bath, and leads to a nonstandard regime of resonance fluorescence in which significant coherent scattering and the Mollow triplet coexist. Off-resonance, we show that despite the phonon influence, narrowing of dot spectral sideband widths can occur in certain regimes, consistent with an experimental trend.PACS numbers: 78.67. Hc, As described by Mollow, the spectrum of light scattered from a resonantly driven two-level system (TLS) depends crucially on the relative size of the laser driving strength to the TLS radiative decay rate [1]. For weak driving, the light is predominately coherently (or elastically) scattered, resulting in a single (delta function) peak in the emission spectrum at the laser frequency. At larger driving strengths, however, coherent scattering is strongly suppressed, and the emission becomes dominated by incoherent (inelastic) scattering from the TLSlaser dressed states [2]. This results in a triple-peak structure in the spectrum, known as the Mollow triplet.While these fundamental predictions have long been confirmed in the traditional quantum optical setting of driven atoms [3], interest has turned more recently to their observation in solid-state TLSs (artificial atoms) such as semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], single molecules [11], and superconducting circuits [12]. In the particular case of QDs, many of the archetypal features of atomic quantum optics have now been demonstrated, such as resonance fluorescence [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], coherent population oscillations [7,[13][14][15], photon anti-bunching [16,17], and two-photon interference [18][19][20]. Aside from being of fundamental interest, these observations also pave the way towards using QDs as efficient single photon sources [21][22][23][24], and for other quantum technologies [25].Thus, under appropriate conditions, the emission properties of a driven QD can bear close resemblance to the more idealised case of a driven atom in free space. QDs are, nevertheless, unavoidably coupled to their surrounding solid-state environments. For coherentlydriven (ground state) excitonic transitions in typical arsenide QDs, coupling to acoustic phonons has been demonstrated to dominate the QD-environment interaction [14,15], leading to the appearance of an excitationinduced dephasing contribution with a rate that varies with the square of the Rabi frequency (dot-laser coupling strength) [9,14,15,26]. This driving dependence is theoretically understood as resulting from phonons that induce transitions between the dressed states of the QD at...

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Coherent versus incoherent light scattering from a quantum dot

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Resonance fluorescence spectrum of ap-doped quantum dot coupled to a metallic nanoparticle

Resonance fluorescence spectrum of ap-doped quantum dot coupled to a metallic nanoparticle

Franson Interference Generated by a Two-Level System

Model of the Optical Emission of a Driven Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Phonon-Enhanced Coherent Scattering and Off-Resonant Sideband Narrowing

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