Cohort analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer mortality in European men

Jansen, Margje C.J.F.; Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, H. Bas; Rásänen, Leena; Fidanza, F; Nissinen, Aulikki; Menotti, Alessandro; Kok, F.J.; Kromhout, Daan

doi:10.1002/ijc.1278

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several studies have indicated a protective effect of fruits and vegetables on lung cancer risk among current smokers only (24,29,30). It is argued that the inverse association among current smokers seen in some studies might be due to residual confounding by smoking (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Lung Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Büchner

Bueno-de-Mesquita

Ros

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: We investigated whether a varied consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with lower lung cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.Methods: After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,613 of 452,187 participants with complete information were diagnosed with lung cancer. Diet diversity scores (DDS) were used to quantify the variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. Multivariable proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between DDS and lung cancer risk. All models were adjusted for smoking behavior and the total consumption of fruit and vegetables.Results: With increasing variety in vegetable subgroups, risk of lung cancer decreases [hazard ratios (HR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.94 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.02]. This inverse association is restricted to current smokers (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.03). In continuous analyses, in current smokers, lower risks were observed for squamous cell carcinomas with more variety in fruit and vegetable products combined (HR/two products, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95), vegetable subgroups (HR/subgroup, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97), vegetable products (HR/two products, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.96), and fruit products (HR/two products, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97).Conclusion: Variety in vegetable consumption was inversely associated with lung cancer risk among current smokers. Risk of squamous cell carcinomas was reduced with increasing variety in fruit and/or vegetable consumption, which was mainly driven by the effect in current smokers.Impact: Independent from quantity of consumption, variety in fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2278-86. ©2010 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Lung Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Büchner

Bueno-de-Mesquita

Ros

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Smoking is the highest risk factor for lung carcinoma, but exposure to asbestos, radon, and other airborne carcinogens play a role, along with diet. 53 Although the higher mortality rates from lung carcinoma reported in the southeast U.S. for white Americans are not surprising because the majority of the tobacco in the U.S. is grown in the south and the smoking rates tend to be higher there, 54,55 the lower rates of lung carcinoma mortality reported for black Americans in the southeast states compared with the states to the north are surprising. The finding that there is a strong inverse correlation between lung carcinoma mortality rates and solar UV-B radiation for this group, if indeed related to a protective effect of solar UV-B radiation, most likely is associated with a nearly uniform rate of smoking among black Americans throughout the eastern U.S.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet‐B radiation

Grant

2002

Cancer

659

441

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BACKGROUNDThere are large geographic gradients in mortality rates for a number of cancers in the U.S. (e.g., rates are approximately twice as high in the northeast compared with the southwest). Risk factors such as diet fail to explain this variation. Previous studies have demonstrated that the geographic distributions for five types of cancer are related inversely to solar radiation. The purpose of the current study was to determine how many types of cancer are affected by solar radiation and how many premature deaths from cancer occur due to insufficient ultraviolet (UV)‐B radiation.METHODSUV‐B data for July 1992 and cancer mortality rates in the U.S. for between 1970–1994 were analyzed in an ecologic study.RESULTSThe findings of the current study confirm previous results that solar UV‐B radiation is associated with reduced risk of cancer of the breast, colon, ovary, and prostate as well as non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Eight additional malignancies were found to exhibit an inverse correlation between mortality rates and UV‐B radiation: bladder, esophageal, kidney, lung, pancreatic, rectal, stomach, and corpus uteri. The annual number of premature deaths from cancer due to lower UV‐B exposures was 21,700 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 20,400–23,400) for white Americans, 1400 (95% CI, 1100–1600) for black Americans, and 500 (95% CI, 400–600) for Asian Americans and other minorities.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate that much of the geographic variation in cancer mortality rates in the U.S. can be attributed to variations in solar UV‐B radiation exposure. Thus, many lives could be extended through increased careful exposure to solar UV‐B radiation and more safely, vitamin D3 supplementation, especially in nonsummer months. Cancer 2002;94:1867–75. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10427

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“…For 11 cohort studies on vegetable consumption (74, [119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128], the mean relative risk was 0.80 and the range was 0.47-1.37 (Fig. 19).…”

Section: Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit and Vegetables in Cancer Prevention

Vainio¹,

Weiderpass²

2006

Nutrition and Cancer

232

145

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Our aim was to review the epidemiological literature on possible cancer-preventive effects of the consumption of fruits and vegetables in humans, to quantify the effect of high versus low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and to give an overall assessment of the existing evidence. We based our work on an expert meeting conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2003. A qualitative reading and evaluation of relevant articles on the cancer-preventive effect of the consumption of fruits and vegetables was made followed by the calculation of the mean relative risk and range for cohort and case-control studies separately. The possible population-preventable fraction for modifying diet in relation to fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated as well as an overall statement about the degree of evidence for the cancer-preventive effect of fruit and vegetable consumption for each cancer site. There is limited evidence for a cancer-preventive effect of the consumption of fruits and vegetables for cancer of the mouth and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, larynx, lung, ovary (vegetables only), bladder (fruit only), and kidney. There is inadequate evidence for a cancer-preventive effect of the consumption of fruits and vegetables for all other sites. Applying this range of risk difference to the range of prevalence of low intake, the preventable fraction for low fruit and vegetable intake would fall into the range of 5-12%. It is important to recognize that this is only a crude range of estimates and that the proportion of cancers that might be preventable by increasing fruit and vegetable intake may vary beyond this range for specific cancer sites and across different regions of the world.

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Cohort analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer mortality in European men

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Lung Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Lung Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet‐B radiation

Fruit and Vegetables in Cancer Prevention

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